{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3084258660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btab336","title":"Investigation of REFINED CNN ensemble learning for anti-cancer drug sensitivity prediction","display_name":"Investigation of REFINED CNN ensemble learning for anti-cancer drug sensitivity prediction","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3084258660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btab336","mag":"3084258660","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34252971"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btab336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btab336","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/37/Supplement_1/i42/39620468/btab336.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/37/Supplement_1/i42/39620468/btab336.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050930961","display_name":"Omid Bazgir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3633-6425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","display_name":"Texas Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/0405mnx93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omid Bazgir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX 79409, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX 79409, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062778775","display_name":"Souparno Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4953-1019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Souparno Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, NE 68583, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, NE 68583, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025450455","display_name":"Ranadip Pal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9311-5901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","display_name":"Texas Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/0405mnx93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ranadip Pal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX 79409, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX 79409, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025450455"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"fwci":2.2719,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8926707,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"Supplement_1","first_page":"i42","last_page":"i50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.790762186050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.6340767741203308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6096367239952087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5946084856987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5898298621177673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.5151492357254028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4811652600765228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4767763912677765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.46400800347328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.4532625675201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.44072970747947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4384700655937195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-forecasting","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","score":0.4340035021305084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.41973087191581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.41841191053390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40067631006240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.26240453124046326}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.790762186050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6340767741203308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6096367239952087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5946084856987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5898298621177673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.5151492357254028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4811652600765228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4767763912677765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.46400800347328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.4532625675201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.44072970747947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4384700655937195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119898033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433888","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","level":2,"score":0.4340035021305084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.41973087191581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.41841191053390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40067631006240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.26240453124046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000970","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000970","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000970","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btab336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btab336","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/37/Supplement_1/i42/39620468/btab336.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34252971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34252971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2009.04076","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.04076","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.04076","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8275339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8275339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ttu-ir.tdl.org:2346/90419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2346/90419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402519","display_name":"ThinkTech (Texas Tech University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","host_organization_name":"Texas Tech University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btab336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btab336","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/37/Supplement_1/i42/39620468/btab336.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4581578508","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF 2007903","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G565355195","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01GM122084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3084258660.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3084258660.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1930624869","https://openalex.org/W1983364832","https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2004874250","https://openalex.org/W2010207606","https://openalex.org/W2034235577","https://openalex.org/W2043398720","https://openalex.org/W2048488252","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2070493638","https://openalex.org/W2071949631","https://openalex.org/W2087311707","https://openalex.org/W2087312216","https://openalex.org/W2097308346","https://openalex.org/W2108933868","https://openalex.org/W2110071511","https://openalex.org/W2113207845","https://openalex.org/W2117897510","https://openalex.org/W2122825543","https://openalex.org/W2125789330","https://openalex.org/W2137226992","https://openalex.org/W2159887157","https://openalex.org/W2211722331","https://openalex.org/W2608863179","https://openalex.org/W2775061087","https://openalex.org/W2795257806","https://openalex.org/W2807463161","https://openalex.org/W2873705236","https://openalex.org/W2885531798","https://openalex.org/W2889400044","https://openalex.org/W2906092989","https://openalex.org/W2924231309","https://openalex.org/W2959932696","https://openalex.org/W2965311404","https://openalex.org/W2965750004","https://openalex.org/W2996474037","https://openalex.org/W2996752936","https://openalex.org/W3000139398","https://openalex.org/W3014321973","https://openalex.org/W3021166038","https://openalex.org/W3030599316","https://openalex.org/W3032089175","https://openalex.org/W3084020430","https://openalex.org/W3090881050","https://openalex.org/W3098100992","https://openalex.org/W3100646958","https://openalex.org/W3109994889","https://openalex.org/W3163530261","https://openalex.org/W6752134831"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2794896638","https://openalex.org/W2891633941","https://openalex.org/W4390905871","https://openalex.org/W3202800081","https://openalex.org/W3101614107","https://openalex.org/W1909207154","https://openalex.org/W3036530763","https://openalex.org/W1514365828","https://openalex.org/W4390971112","https://openalex.org/W2155806188"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Supplementary":[0],"data":[1],"are":[2],"available":[3],"at":[4],"Bioinformatics":[5],"online.":[6]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}