{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3108019285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa991","title":"i2d: an R package for simulating data from images and the implications in biomedical research","display_name":"i2d: an R package for simulating data from images and the implications in biomedical research","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3108019285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa991","mag":"3108019285","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33244599"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa991","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/37/16/2497/39947350/btaa991.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/37/16/2497/39947350/btaa991.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077833737","display_name":"Xiaoyu Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7796-2441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086971","display_name":"VA Connecticut Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/000rgm762","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210086971","https://openalex.org/I4210095851"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06511, USA","VA Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven, CT 06516, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06511, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VA Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven, CT 06516, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086971"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035568500","display_name":"Ying Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0794-742X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140884","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biomedical Bioinformatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute , Rockville, MD 20852, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biomedical Bioinformatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute , Rockville, MD 20852, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010523212","display_name":"Chunhua Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5474-7431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140884","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunhua Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biomedical Bioinformatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute , Rockville, MD 20852, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biomedical Bioinformatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute , Rockville, MD 20852, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055309934","display_name":"Ke Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6472-7052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086971","display_name":"VA Connecticut Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/000rgm762","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210086971","https://openalex.org/I4210095851"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ke Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06511, USA","VA Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven, CT 06516, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06511, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VA Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven, CT 06516, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086971"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055309934"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472","https://openalex.org/I4210086971"],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11454872,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"16","first_page":"2497","last_page":"2498"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8347931504249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6881688833236694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-package","display_name":"R package","score":0.6587129831314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.6217683553695679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.5825045108795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5588842630386353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5214138031005859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.45038536190986633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-data","display_name":"Biological data","score":0.4287775754928589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3668936491012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.15934279561042786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.14119857549667358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.10912412405014038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8347931504249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6881688833236694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984074130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73539779","display_name":"R package","level":2,"score":0.6587129831314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.6217683553695679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.5825045108795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5588842630386353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5214138031005859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.45038536190986633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201797286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4914986","display_name":"Biological data","level":2,"score":0.4287775754928589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3668936491012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.15934279561042786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.14119857549667358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.10912412405014038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa991","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/37/16/2497/39947350/btaa991.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33244599","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33244599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8388026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8388026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa991","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/37/16/2497/39947350/btaa991.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2165446613","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01042691","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2901111248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01DA047063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4718037771","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01DA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7680006314","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01DA047820","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3108019285.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3108019285.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W229097380","https://openalex.org/W2164765928","https://openalex.org/W6608852248"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2618286804","https://openalex.org/W2329643025","https://openalex.org/W2002770077","https://openalex.org/W3131163342","https://openalex.org/W2092256833","https://openalex.org/W2142369114","https://openalex.org/W2361728394","https://openalex.org/W2166271660","https://openalex.org/W3088642716","https://openalex.org/W2587303152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Supplementary":[0],"data":[1],"are":[2],"available":[3],"at":[4],"Bioinformatics":[5],"online.":[6]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
