{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3030863237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa548","title":"Detecting Gene Ontology misannotations using taxon-specific rate ratio comparisons","display_name":"Detecting Gene Ontology misannotations using taxon-specific rate ratio comparisons","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3030863237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa548","mag":"3030863237","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32470107"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa548","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa548","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/36/16/4383/33965136/btaa548.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/36/16/4383/33965136/btaa548.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035804735","display_name":"Xiaoqiong Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7576-4820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqiong Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics","State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041,","State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7576-4820","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101510848","display_name":"Chengxin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-1324"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengxin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-1324","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lydia Freddolino","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lydia Freddolino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109,","Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics","Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100354659","display_name":"Yang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2739-1916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109,","Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics","Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100354659"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8201,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69712032,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"16","first_page":"4383","last_page":"4388"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.8431000113487244,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.8431000113487244,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11642","display_name":"Genomics and Rare Diseases","score":0.0706000030040741,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.04820000007748604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.7484115362167358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uniprot","display_name":"UniProt","score":0.7462320327758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6763439774513245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-ontology","display_name":"Gene ontology","score":0.6524161696434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-database","display_name":"Biological database","score":0.5880378484725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4989743232727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.47735002636909485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.4585849940776825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4225867986679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4122389853000641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25697237253189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.20792973041534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.20375782251358032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.19059023261070251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.08221825957298279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.7484115362167358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202264299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905695","display_name":"UniProt","level":3,"score":0.7462320327758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6763439774513245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987395477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135085","display_name":"Gene ontology","level":4,"score":0.6524161696434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20901353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117139","display_name":"Biological database","level":2,"score":0.5880378484725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4989743232727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.47735002636909485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.4585849940776825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4225867986679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4122389853000641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25697237253189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.20792973041534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.20375782251358032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.19059023261070251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.08221825957298279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030562","descriptor_name":"Databases, Protein","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030562","descriptor_name":"Databases, Protein","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030562","descriptor_name":"Databases, Protein","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058977","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Annotation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058977","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Annotation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058977","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Annotation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063990","descriptor_name":"Gene Ontology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063990","descriptor_name":"Gene Ontology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063990","descriptor_name":"Gene Ontology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa548","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa548","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/36/16/4383/33965136/btaa548.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32470107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32470107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7751014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7751014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa548","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa548","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/36/16/4383/33965136/btaa548.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1815782265","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01GM083107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1977669034","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS1901191","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3541164603","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201506240207","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G367708065","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ACI-1548562","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4408436485","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AI134678","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4509968318","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 AI134678","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4584606584","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GM136422","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4985456944","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GM136422","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7063014021","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AI134678","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G758395984","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R35 GM136422","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7747661902","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DBI1564756","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8358395064","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GM083107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309652","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3030863237.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3030863237.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W102573545","https://openalex.org/W1973626596","https://openalex.org/W1982015602","https://openalex.org/W2011025549","https://openalex.org/W2023823273","https://openalex.org/W2034514363","https://openalex.org/W2057119643","https://openalex.org/W2060797027","https://openalex.org/W2101291993","https://openalex.org/W2108984616","https://openalex.org/W2110373384","https://openalex.org/W2127119915","https://openalex.org/W2130497192","https://openalex.org/W2168943507","https://openalex.org/W2169059428","https://openalex.org/W2171815113","https://openalex.org/W2893019164","https://openalex.org/W2900044275","https://openalex.org/W3136918052","https://openalex.org/W6653122560"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2102027645","https://openalex.org/W2107785922","https://openalex.org/W2035528219","https://openalex.org/W2402478170","https://openalex.org/W2946410450","https://openalex.org/W2901823680","https://openalex.org/W3040692138","https://openalex.org/W2106830745","https://openalex.org/W2941245232","https://openalex.org/W2281978860"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"MOTIVATION:":[0],"Many":[1],"protein":[2,177],"function":[3,158,178],"databases":[4],"are":[5,119,188],"built":[6],"on":[7],"automated":[8],"or":[9,142],"semi-automated":[10],"curations":[11],"and":[12,29,94],"can":[13],"contain":[14],"various":[15],"annotation":[16,53,159],"errors.":[17],"The":[18,161],"correction":[19],"of":[20,31,52,106,116,124,157],"such":[21],"misannotations":[22,98,118,136],"is":[23,128,172],"critical":[24],"to":[25,40,74,84,138,153],"improving":[26],"the":[27,32,50,57,82,100,111,117,154],"accuracy":[28],"reliability":[30],"databases.":[33,160],"RESULTS:":[34],"We":[35],"proposed":[36],"a":[37,68,164],"new":[38,155],"approach":[39,83,170],"detect":[41],"potentially":[42],"incorrect":[43,75],"Gene":[44],"Ontology":[45],"(GO)":[46],"annotations":[47],"by":[48],"comparing":[49],"ratio":[51],"rates":[54],"(RAR)":[55],"for":[56,174],"same":[58],"GO":[59],"term":[60],"across":[61],"different":[62],"taxonomic":[63],"groups,":[64],"where":[65,103],"those":[66],"with":[67,131],"relatively":[69],"low":[70],"RAR":[71],"usually":[72],"correspond":[73],"annotations.":[76],"As":[77],"an":[78,148],"illustration,":[79],"we":[80],"applied":[81],"20":[85],"commonly":[86],"studied":[87],"species":[88],"in":[89,99,110,129],"two":[90],"recent":[91],"UniProt-GOA":[92],"releases":[93],"identified":[95],"250":[96],"potential":[97],"2018-11-6":[101],"release,":[102],"only":[104],"25%":[105],"them":[107],"were":[108],"corrected":[109],"2019-6-3":[112],"release.":[113],"Importantly,":[114],"56%":[115],"'Inferred":[120,139],"from":[121,140],"Biological":[122],"aspect":[123],"Ancestor":[125],"(IBA)'":[126],"which":[127],"contradiction":[130],"previous":[132],"observations":[133],"that":[134,171],"attributed":[135],"mainly":[137],"Sequence":[141],"structural":[143],"Similarity":[144],"(ISS)',":[145],"probably":[146],"reflecting":[147],"error":[149],"source":[150],"shift":[151],"due":[152],"developments":[156],"results":[162],"demonstrated":[163],"simple":[165],"but":[166],"efficient":[167],"misannotation":[168],"detection":[169],"useful":[173],"large-scale":[175],"comparative":[176],"studies.":[179],"AVAILABILITY":[180],"AND":[181],"IMPLEMENTATION:":[182],"https://zhanglab.ccmb.med.umich.edu/RAR.":[183],"SUPPLEMENTARY":[184],"INFORMATION:":[185],"Supplementary":[186],"data":[187],"available":[189],"at":[190],"Bioinformatics":[191],"online.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}