{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3110784443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa1026","title":"Complete populations of virtual patients for<i>in silico</i>clinical trials","display_name":"Complete populations of virtual patients for<i>in silico</i>clinical trials","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3110784443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa1026","mag":"3110784443","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33325489"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa1026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa1026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/100581","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023965799","display_name":"Stefano Sinisi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7059-6960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Sinisi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007276194","display_name":"Vadim Alimguzhin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9251-5244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V Alimguzhin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084753554","display_name":"Toni Mancini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3355-2170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T Mancini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3355-2170","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010524910","display_name":"Enrico Tronci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0377-3119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Tronci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080258402","display_name":"Brigitte Leeners","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4027-6151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100468","display_name":"University Hospital of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/01462r250","country_code":"CH","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B Leeners","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4027-6151","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084753554"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"],"apc_list":{"value":3618,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3618},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2642,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93598372,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"22-23","first_page":"5465","last_page":"5472"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.11659999936819077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.11659999936819077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.10270000249147415,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.06319999694824219,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.776063084602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representativeness-heuristic","display_name":"Representativeness heuristic","score":0.7460891008377075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5654072165489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5502097010612488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.5339492559432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4243472218513489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.42433440685272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.34709566831588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33473682403564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3091978430747986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1611546277999878}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.776063084602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37381756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20203288","display_name":"Representativeness heuristic","level":2,"score":0.7460891008377075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5654072165489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5502097010612488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.5339492559432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4243472218513489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.42433440685272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.34709566831588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33473682403564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3091978430747986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1611546277999878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa1026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa1026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52395412","display_name":"Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1367-4803","issn":["1367-4803","1367-4811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33325489","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33325489","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1473413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1473413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1692370","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1692370","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:100581","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/100581","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402478","display_name":"INFM-OAR (INFN Catania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210116497","host_organization_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:100581","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/100581","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402478","display_name":"INFM-OAR (INFN Catania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210116497","host_organization_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484739396","https://openalex.org/W1526929980","https://openalex.org/W1553437616","https://openalex.org/W1562323213","https://openalex.org/W1989277387","https://openalex.org/W2003003919","https://openalex.org/W2015185311","https://openalex.org/W2072891907","https://openalex.org/W2086526809","https://openalex.org/W2124195948","https://openalex.org/W2150908245","https://openalex.org/W2165351239","https://openalex.org/W2167160009","https://openalex.org/W2167437179","https://openalex.org/W2267638272","https://openalex.org/W2304315762","https://openalex.org/W2559588208","https://openalex.org/W2566646675","https://openalex.org/W2576119444","https://openalex.org/W2740460881","https://openalex.org/W2781578762","https://openalex.org/W2806810105","https://openalex.org/W2885434610","https://openalex.org/W2895101793","https://openalex.org/W2896080372","https://openalex.org/W2953377360","https://openalex.org/W2964392985","https://openalex.org/W2982361299","https://openalex.org/W2983045983","https://openalex.org/W3007686018","https://openalex.org/W3089904848","https://openalex.org/W3176114864","https://openalex.org/W4233698560","https://openalex.org/W4239216443","https://openalex.org/W6658511406","https://openalex.org/W6753616964","https://openalex.org/W7073821709"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3159631231","https://openalex.org/W4306248409","https://openalex.org/W4211213551","https://openalex.org/W2103926897","https://openalex.org/W2062728131","https://openalex.org/W1824075546","https://openalex.org/W2101250918","https://openalex.org/W4376143407","https://openalex.org/W2894406327","https://openalex.org/W2354431794"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"MOTIVATION:":[0],"Model-based":[1],"approaches":[2],"to":[3,22,54,65,142,156],"safety":[4],"and":[5,25,33,36,84,109,112,138,203,217,239,252],"efficacy":[6],"assessment":[7],"of":[8,43,58,70,77,102,121,127,131,153,166,172,180,189,201,220,236,242],"pharmacological":[9],"drugs,":[10],"treatment":[11],"strategies":[12],"or":[13],"medical":[14,113],"devices":[15],"(In":[16],"Silico":[17],"Clinical":[18],"Trial,":[19],"ISCT)":[20],"aim":[21],"decrease":[23],"time":[24],"cost":[26],"for":[27],"the":[28,67,78,103,128,135,151,154,170,181,243],"needed":[29],"experimentations,":[30],"reduce":[31],"animal":[32],"human":[34,104],"testing,":[35],"enable":[37],"precision":[38],"medicine.":[39],"Unfortunately,":[40],"in":[41,158],"presence":[42],"non-identifiable":[44,177],"models":[45],"(e.g.":[46],"reaction":[47],"networks),":[48],"parameter":[49],"estimation":[50],"is":[51,246,257],"not":[52],"enough":[53],"generate":[55],"complete":[56],"populations":[57,63],"Virtual":[59],"Patients":[60],"(VPs),":[61],"i.e.":[62],"guaranteed":[64],"show":[66],"entire":[68],"spectrum":[69,130],"model":[71,93,101,136,179],"behaviours":[72,124],"(phenotypes),":[73],"thus":[74],"ensuring":[75],"representativeness":[76,162,206],"trial.":[79],"RESULTS:":[80],"We":[81,168],"present":[82],"methods":[83],"software":[85,256],"based":[86],"on":[87,150,175],"global":[88],"search":[89],"driven":[90],"by":[91,134,185,227],"statistical":[92],"checking":[94],"that,":[95],"starting":[96],"from":[97,116,212],"a":[98,119,176,187],"(non-identifiable)":[99],"quantitative":[100],"physiology":[105],"(plus":[106],"drugs":[107],"PK/PD)":[108],"suitable":[110],"biological":[111],"knowledge":[114],"elicited":[115],"experts,":[117],"compute":[118],"population":[120,155,188],"VPs":[122,193,229],"whose":[123],"are":[125,224,265],"representative":[126],"whole":[129],"phenotypes":[132],"entailed":[133],"(completeness)":[137],"pairwise":[139],"distinguishable":[140],"according":[141],"user-provided":[143],"criteria.":[144],"This":[145],"enables":[146],"full":[147],"granularity":[148,200],"control":[149],"size":[152],"employ":[157],"an":[159],"ISCT,":[160],"guaranteeing":[161],"while":[163],"avoiding":[164],"over-representation":[165],"behaviours.":[167],"proved":[169],"effectiveness":[171],"our":[173,228],"algorithm":[174],"ODE-based":[178],"female":[182],"Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal":[183],"axis,":[184],"generating":[186],"4":[190],"830":[191],"264":[192],"stratified":[194],"into":[195],"7":[196],"levels":[197],"(at":[198],"different":[199],"behaviours),":[202],"assessed":[204],"its":[205],"against":[207],"86":[208],"retrospective":[209],"health":[210],"records":[211],"Pfizer,":[213],"Hannover":[214],"Medical":[215],"School":[216],"University":[218],"Hospital":[219],"Lausanne.":[221],"The":[222],"datasets":[223],"respectively":[225],"covered":[226,247],"within":[230,248],"Average":[231],"Normalized":[232],"Mean":[233],"Absolute":[234],"Error":[235],"15%,":[237],"20%":[238,249],"35%":[240],"(90%":[241],"latter":[244],"dataset":[245],"error).":[250],"Availability":[251],"implementation.":[253],"Our":[254],"open-source":[255],"available":[258,266],"at":[259,267],"https://bitbucket.org/mclab/vipgenerator.":[260],"SUPPLEMENTARY":[261],"INFORMATION:":[262],"Supplementary":[263],"data":[264],"Bioinformatics":[268],"online.":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2020-12-21T00:00:00"}