{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2095983933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbs004","title":"Protein inference: a review","display_name":"Protein inference: a review","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2095983933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbs004","mag":"2095983933","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22373723"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbs004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbs004","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bib/article-pdf/13/5/586/1153683/bbs004.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bib/article-pdf/13/5/586/1153683/bbs004.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101817893","display_name":"Ting Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1041-2167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T. Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian University of Technology, China",", Dalian University of Technology, , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Dalian University of Technology, , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101451440","display_name":"Jiguang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6923-4097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science & Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science & Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078798099","display_name":"Weichuan Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5510-6916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian Univ of Tech"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian Univ of Tech","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009588567","display_name":"Zengyou He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9526-8816"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z. He","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101817893"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"],"apc_list":{"value":4011,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4011},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6474,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":125,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97053407,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"586","last_page":"614"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10519","display_name":"Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10519","display_name":"Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10836","display_name":"Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.8162208795547485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7077107429504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proteomics","display_name":"Proteomics","score":0.5617219805717468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4600384831428528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.438386470079422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.42705368995666504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3367714285850525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3362012505531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.16927480697631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0982542634010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry","display_name":"Biochemistry","score":0.07984280586242676}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.8162208795547485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7077107429504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46111723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471857","display_name":"Proteomics","level":3,"score":0.5617219805717468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4600384831428528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.438386470079422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.42705368995666504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3367714285850525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3362012505531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.16927480697631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0982542634010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.07984280586242676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030562","descriptor_name":"Databases, Protein","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030562","descriptor_name":"Databases, Protein","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030562","descriptor_name":"Databases, Protein","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040901","descriptor_name":"Proteomics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040901","descriptor_name":"Proteomics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040901","descriptor_name":"Proteomics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbs004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbs004","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bib/article-pdf/13/5/586/1153683/bbs004.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22373723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22373723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in bioinformatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.714.3486","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.714.3486","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://gs1.dlut.edu.cn/newVersion/Files/dsxx/921.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-52508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-52508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbs004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbs004","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bib/article-pdf/13/5/586/1153683/bbs004.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2095983933.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2095983933.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168093571","https://openalex.org/W1965222588","https://openalex.org/W1968436111","https://openalex.org/W1969416735","https://openalex.org/W1971042695","https://openalex.org/W1971887998","https://openalex.org/W1978542424","https://openalex.org/W1980297970","https://openalex.org/W1981593008","https://openalex.org/W1982411844","https://openalex.org/W1983345315","https://openalex.org/W1985560593","https://openalex.org/W1986893074","https://openalex.org/W1990030097","https://openalex.org/W1990273811","https://openalex.org/W1990299806","https://openalex.org/W1991518289","https://openalex.org/W1999751815","https://openalex.org/W2002912027","https://openalex.org/W2006795091","https://openalex.org/W2007520071","https://openalex.org/W2007683306","https://openalex.org/W2011061591","https://openalex.org/W2012883289","https://openalex.org/W2015556811","https://openalex.org/W2017119776","https://openalex.org/W2021203443","https://openalex.org/W2022770755","https://openalex.org/W2025339182","https://openalex.org/W2026465178","https://openalex.org/W2030105964","https://openalex.org/W2030277851","https://openalex.org/W2030578978","https://openalex.org/W2031016692","https://openalex.org/W2035283832","https://openalex.org/W2038000168","https://openalex.org/W2038581432","https://openalex.org/W2038615001","https://openalex.org/W2039989552","https://openalex.org/W2047275456","https://openalex.org/W2055063265","https://openalex.org/W2059651000","https://openalex.org/W2064745516","https://openalex.org/W2065282473","https://openalex.org/W2068436530","https://openalex.org/W2071096270","https://openalex.org/W2072088274","https://openalex.org/W2072485567","https://openalex.org/W2072592470","https://openalex.org/W2075036506","https://openalex.org/W2079608781","https://openalex.org/W2080741498","https://openalex.org/W2081380834","https://openalex.org/W2084125429","https://openalex.org/W2090803329","https://openalex.org/W2092485848","https://openalex.org/W2096057003","https://openalex.org/W2097058336","https://openalex.org/W2098039318","https://openalex.org/W2099249945","https://openalex.org/W2101128616","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2112078820","https://openalex.org/W2114883363","https://openalex.org/W2115213162","https://openalex.org/W2123101621","https://openalex.org/W2123296798","https://openalex.org/W2124606291","https://openalex.org/W2129481027","https://openalex.org/W2129713257","https://openalex.org/W2129897014","https://openalex.org/W2132899146","https://openalex.org/W2136441889","https://openalex.org/W2139803981","https://openalex.org/W2141458721","https://openalex.org/W2146405127","https://openalex.org/W2148364245","https://openalex.org/W2149921721","https://openalex.org/W2153132589","https://openalex.org/W2155443196","https://openalex.org/W2155553629","https://openalex.org/W2157961977","https://openalex.org/W2160929166","https://openalex.org/W2161345806","https://openalex.org/W2166468869","https://openalex.org/W2167728354","https://openalex.org/W2168616514","https://openalex.org/W2283557908","https://openalex.org/W2395698927","https://openalex.org/W3099467071","https://openalex.org/W3145128584","https://openalex.org/W4243440654"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488408180","https://openalex.org/W2360290178","https://openalex.org/W3005464483","https://openalex.org/W415785311","https://openalex.org/W2055243143","https://openalex.org/W3145527116","https://openalex.org/W2350543355","https://openalex.org/W3143512440","https://openalex.org/W2389042962","https://openalex.org/W2373271064"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Assembling":[0],"peptides":[1,30],"identified":[2],"from":[3],"tandem":[4],"mass":[5],"spectra":[6],"into":[7],"a":[8,18,79],"list":[9],"of":[10,28,63,69,82],"proteins,":[11],"referred":[12],"to":[13,25,38,60],"as":[14],"protein":[15,53,98],"inference,":[16],"is":[17,35,72],"critical":[19],"step":[20],"in":[21,44,86],"proteomics":[22],"research.":[23],"Due":[24],"the":[26,45,61,67,75,83],"existence":[27],"degenerate":[29],"and":[31,56,66,93],"'one-hit":[32],"wonders',":[33],"it":[34],"very":[36],"difficult":[37],"determine":[39],"which":[40],"proteins":[41],"are":[42],"present":[43],"sample.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48,87,91],"paper,":[49],"we":[50],"review":[51,92],"existing":[52],"inference":[54,99],"methods":[55],"classify":[57],"them":[58],"according":[59],"source":[62],"peptide":[64],"identifications":[65],"principle":[68],"algorithms.":[70,100],"It":[71],"hoped":[73],"that":[74],"readers":[76],"will":[77],"gain":[78],"good":[80],"understanding":[81],"current":[84],"development":[85],"field":[88],"after":[89],"reading":[90],"come":[94],"up":[95],"with":[96],"new":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-16T08:24:45.110214","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}