{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2135899333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbp014","title":"ImmunoGrid, an integrative environment for large-scale simulation of the immune system for vaccine discovery, design and optimization","display_name":"ImmunoGrid, an integrative environment for large-scale simulation of the immune system for vaccine discovery, design and optimization","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2135899333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbp014","mag":"2135899333","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19383844"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbp014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbp014","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bib/article-pdf/10/3/330/559041/bbp014.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bib/article-pdf/10/3/330/559041/bbp014.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044340074","display_name":"Francesco Pappalardo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1668-3320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117453","display_name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzgtq86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Pappalardo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, HIM 401, Boston, MA 02115, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, HIM 401, Boston, MA 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062698689","display_name":"Mark Halling\u2010Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6247-4768"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. D. Halling-Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Immunology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Immunology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032007875","display_name":"Nicolas Rapin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-8874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Rapin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nicolas Rapin holds a masters degree in Food Engineering and Computational Molecular Biology, and a PhD in Bioinformatics and Bio-simulation. His research interests focus on merging computational modeling and machine learning methods to explain experimental data in Biology. He is now a postdoctoral fellow in the Pharmaceutical Institute at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark","Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nicolas Rapin holds a masters degree in Food Engineering and Computational Molecular Biology, and a PhD in Bioinformatics and Bio-simulation. His research interests focus on merging computational modeling and machine learning methods to explain experimental data in Biology. He is now a postdoctoral fellow in the Pharmaceutical Institute at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059001271","display_name":"Ping Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3907-1127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29955533","display_name":"Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jh5a977","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I29955533"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ping Zhang has a masters and a PhD in Information Technology and 12 years work experience in Electronics. Her current research interests include computational and statistical modeling, pattern recognition and Bioinformatics. She works as a Bioinformatician at the Diamantina Institute for Cancer, Immunology and Metabolic Medicine at the University of Queensland, Australia","University of Queensland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ping Zhang has a masters and a PhD in Information Technology and 12 years work experience in Electronics. Her current research interests include computational and statistical modeling, pattern recognition and Bioinformatics. She works as a Bioinformatician at the Diamantina Institute for Cancer, Immunology and Metabolic Medicine at the University of Queensland, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29955533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Queensland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000898975","display_name":"Davide Alemani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87101506","display_name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87101506"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Alemani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Davide Alemani graduated from the University of Milan, Italy, in 2001 with a masters degree in Physics. He obtained a PhD in Computational Science at the Department of Chemistry, University of Geneva in 2007. He received a scholarship by the Swiss National Foundation to spend a year at the University of Queensland, Australia, working on computational modeling of tumor growth. He is currently pursuing a postdoctoral research in the field of molecular dynamics at the EPFL in Lausanne, Switzerland","Swiss Federal Institute of Technology-Lausanne"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Davide Alemani graduated from the University of Milan, Italy, in 2001 with a masters degree in Physics. He obtained a PhD in Computational Science at the Department of Chemistry, University of Geneva in 2007. He received a scholarship by the Swiss National Foundation to spend a year at the University of Queensland, Australia, working on computational modeling of tumor growth. He is currently pursuing a postdoctoral research in the field of molecular dynamics at the EPFL in Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864","https://openalex.org/I87101506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swiss Federal Institute of Technology-Lausanne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048579602","display_name":"Andrew Emerson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9382-1868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I918872813","display_name":"Emerson (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/00ej6x457","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117810","https://openalex.org/I918872813"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Emerson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Andrew Emerson holds a degree and a PhD in Chemistry from the University of Southampton, UK. He has worked in several fields including Materials Science, Bioinformatics, Systems Biology and Molecular Modeling. His interests include the uses of grid and high-performance computing in Computational Science. He currently works as an application scientist at the CINECA Supercomputing Centre in Bologna, Italy","CINECA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Andrew Emerson holds a degree and a PhD in Chemistry from the University of Southampton, UK. He has worked in several fields including Materials Science, Bioinformatics, Systems Biology and Molecular Modeling. His interests include the uses of grid and high-performance computing in Computational Science. He currently works as an application scientist at the CINECA Supercomputing Centre in Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I918872813"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CINECA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043250067","display_name":"Paola Paci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-2047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124306","display_name":"The Centers","ror":"https://ror.org/033tgbx59","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124306"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Paci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paola Paci was trained as a theoretical physicist and she worked over 10 years on the field of Computer Modeling. She holds a degree in Physics from the University of Rome \u2018La Sapienza\u2019 and a PhD in Physics from the University of Pavia \u2018A. Volta\u2019. Her research interests include Physics applied to Medical Immunology. She holds a postdoctoral position at the Institute for Computing Application of the CNR in Rome","National Research Council of Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paola Paci was trained as a theoretical physicist and she worked over 10 years on the field of Computer Modeling. She holds a degree in Physics from the University of Rome \u2018La Sapienza\u2019 and a PhD in Physics from the University of Pavia \u2018A. Volta\u2019. Her research interests include Physics applied to Medical Immunology. She holds a postdoctoral position at the Institute for Computing Application of the CNR in Rome","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council of Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108520946","display_name":"Patrice Duroux","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16718484","display_name":"Hess (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbk1w77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16718484"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19894307","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier","ror":"https://ror.org/051escj72","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19894307"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Duroux","raw_affiliation_strings":["Patrice Duroux holds a PhD in Informatics from University Montpellier 2, France. He works as a research engineer at CNRS and he is in charge of computer management, database and software developments at IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system\u00ae ( http://www.imgt.org )","Universite Montpellier II"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Patrice Duroux holds a PhD in Informatics from University Montpellier 2, France. He works as a research engineer at CNRS and he is in charge of computer management, database and software developments at IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system\u00ae ( http://www.imgt.org )","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I16718484"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite Montpellier II","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19894307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003874484","display_name":"Marzio Pennisi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0231-7653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151178","display_name":"System Simulation (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04gf6zh40","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151178"]}],"countries":["GB","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Pennisi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marzio Pennisi graduated in Computer Science in March, 2006, and is pursuing PhD studies at the University of Catania. His project focuses on studying Modeling, Mathematical Methods and Computer Simulation of the immune system. In particular, he is working on models of mammary tumor growth, diffusion of metastasis and therapy. He uses evolutionary algorithms, and constrained and unconstrained optimization methods for simulation of the immune system","University of Catania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marzio Pennisi graduated in Computer Science in March, 2006, and is pursuing PhD studies at the University of Catania. His project focuses on studying Modeling, Mathematical Methods and Computer Simulation of the immune system. In particular, he is working on models of mammary tumor growth, diffusion of metastasis and therapy. He uses evolutionary algorithms, and constrained and unconstrained optimization methods for simulation of the immune system","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151178"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Catania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034271408","display_name":"Arianna Palladini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6105-4895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127391","display_name":"Italian Association for Cancer Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02g2x7380","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145812","display_name":"Cancer Genetics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05feyya22","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145812"]}],"countries":["IT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Palladini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arianna Palladini is completing her PhD in Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology at the University of Bologna. She is a recipient of a fellowship of the Italian Foundation for Cancer Research. She has been working in the Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis where she is involved in the preclinical development of cancer vaccines","Italian Foundation for Cancer Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arianna Palladini is completing her PhD in Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology at the University of Bologna. She is a recipient of a fellowship of the Italian Foundation for Cancer Research. She has been working in the Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis where she is involved in the preclinical development of cancer vaccines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145812"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Italian Foundation for Cancer Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052502655","display_name":"Olivo Miotto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8060-6771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16718484","display_name":"Hess (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbk1w77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16718484"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. Miotto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Olivo Miotto is a Senior Informatics Fellow at Oxford University. He is based in Bangkok, where he works on the Genomic Epidemiology of malaria parasites. His research interests focus on the computational study of pathogen diversity and the aggregation of knowledge for large-scale bioinformatics. He holds a BSc from Imperial College London, and is completing a PhD at the National University of Singapore","University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Olivo Miotto is a Senior Informatics Fellow at Oxford University. He is based in Bangkok, where he works on the Genomic Epidemiology of malaria parasites. His research interests focus on the computational study of pathogen diversity and the aggregation of knowledge for large-scale bioinformatics. He holds a BSc from Imperial College London, and is completing a PhD at the National University of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16718484"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109077862","display_name":"D Churchill","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086892","display_name":"Education University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/000t0f062","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Churchill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Daniel Churchill is an assistant professor in the Division of Information and Technology Studies at the Faculty of Education, the University of Hong Kong. He specializes in the areas of educational technology, e-learning and multimedia design. His current research effort focuses on Web 2.0, mobile learning and learning objects design and application","The University of Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Daniel Churchill is an assistant professor in the Division of Information and Technology Studies at the Faculty of Education, the University of Hong Kong. He specializes in the areas of educational technology, e-learning and multimedia design. His current research effort focuses on Web 2.0, mobile learning and learning objects design and application","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061431277","display_name":"E. Rossi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0316-1646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I870398029","display_name":"Center for Excellence in Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03qhz4n98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I870398029"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Rossi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Elda Rossi has a degree in Chemistry from the University of Modena. Since 1984, she has been working at CINECA, where she has been involved in computational applications in fields related to Chemistry and Biology. Her expertise is in research support using high-performance computing tools and in writing and integrating scientific programs","CINECA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Elda Rossi has a degree in Chemistry from the University of Modena. Since 1984, she has been working at CINECA, where she has been involved in computational applications in fields related to Chemistry and Biology. Her expertise is in research support using high-performance computing tools and in writing and integrating scientific programs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I870398029"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CINECA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021137505","display_name":"Adrian J. Shepherd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0194-8613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","display_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/02mb95055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. J. Shepherd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adrian J. Shepherd has been doing Bioinformatics research for over 12 years. He has a PhD in Computer Science from University College London. His research interests include biomedical text mining, modeling uncertainty in biological data and developing tools that support distributed biomedical applications. He is currently senior lecturer in Computational Biology at Birkbeck College, University of London","Birkbeck,\u2002University of London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adrian J. Shepherd has been doing Bioinformatics research for over 12 years. He has a PhD in Computer Science from University College London. His research interests include biomedical text mining, modeling uncertainty in biological data and developing tools that support distributed biomedical applications. He is currently senior lecturer in Computational Biology at Birkbeck College, University of London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I98259816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Birkbeck,\u2002University of London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111941446","display_name":"D. S. Moss","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","display_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/02mb95055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. S. Moss","raw_affiliation_strings":["David S. Moss holds BSc and PhD degrees from the University of London. He was Head of the School of Crystallography at Birkbeck for 9 years and is currently Professor of Biomolecular Structure. His research interests include bacterial toxins, computational immunology and computaional approaches to protein\u2013ligand interactions","School of Crystallography at Birkbeck"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David S. Moss holds BSc and PhD degrees from the University of London. He was Head of the School of Crystallography at Birkbeck for 9 years and is currently Professor of Biomolecular Structure. His research interests include bacterial toxins, computational immunology and computaional approaches to protein\u2013ligand interactions","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Crystallography at Birkbeck","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010454141","display_name":"Filippo Castiglione","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1442-3552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005160176","display_name":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking","ror":"https://ror.org/04r5fge26","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Castiglione","raw_affiliation_strings":["Filippo Castiglione is a researcher at the Institute for Computing Applications of the National Research Council of Italy. He holds a bachelor degree in Computer Science from the University of Milan and a PhD in Scientific Computing from the University of Cologne. He was a visiting research scientist at the IBM Watson Research Center, the Molecular Biology Department of the Princeton University and the Department of Cell Biology of the Harvard Medical School. His main interests range from mathematical modeling to computational biology and bioinformatics","National Research Council of Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Filippo Castiglione is a researcher at the Institute for Computing Applications of the National Research Council of Italy. He holds a bachelor degree in Computer Science from the University of Milan and a PhD in Scientific Computing from the University of Cologne. He was a visiting research scientist at the IBM Watson Research Center, the Molecular Biology Department of the Princeton University and the Department of Cell Biology of the Harvard Medical School. 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