{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2137255856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbp012","title":"An introduction to artificial neural networks in bioinformatics--application to complex microarray and mass spectrometry datasets in cancer studies","display_name":"An introduction to artificial neural networks in bioinformatics--application to complex microarray and mass spectrometry datasets in cancer studies","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2137255856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbp012","mag":"2137255856","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19307287"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbp012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbp012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056430594","display_name":"Lee Lancashire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4835-4847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129527","display_name":"Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/037405c78","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801316944","https://openalex.org/I4210129527"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"L. J. Lancashire","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK. llancashire@picr.man.ac.uk","Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK. llancashire@picr.man.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129527","https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129527"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018484667","display_name":"Christophe Lemetre","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Lemetre","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011811761","display_name":"Graham Ball","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5828-7129"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. R. Ball","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056430594"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311","https://openalex.org/I4210129527"],"apc_list":{"value":4011,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4011},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2067,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":184,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87701548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"315","last_page":"329"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7523849606513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6801528930664062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6726385951042175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6375322937965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5507621765136719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.5444877743721008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5217793583869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-microarray","display_name":"DNA microarray","score":0.4172891080379486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.352778822183609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.11411499977111816}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7523849606513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6801528930664062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6726385951042175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6375322937965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5507621765136719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.5444877743721008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5217793583869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95371953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591745","display_name":"DNA microarray","level":4,"score":0.4172891080379486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.352778822183609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11411499977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013058","descriptor_name":"Mass Spectrometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013058","descriptor_name":"Mass Spectrometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013058","descriptor_name":"Mass Spectrometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023281","descriptor_name":"Genomics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023281","descriptor_name":"Genomics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023281","descriptor_name":"Genomics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030541","descriptor_name":"Databases, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030541","descriptor_name":"Databases, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030541","descriptor_name":"Databases, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030562","descriptor_name":"Databases, Protein","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030562","descriptor_name":"Databases, Protein","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030562","descriptor_name":"Databases, Protein","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040901","descriptor_name":"Proteomics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040901","descriptor_name":"Proteomics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040901","descriptor_name":"Proteomics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046228","descriptor_name":"Microarray Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D046228","descriptor_name":"Microarray Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D046228","descriptor_name":"Microarray Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbp012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbp012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19307287","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19307287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in bioinformatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:irep.ntu.ac.uk:19448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/19448/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400559","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","host_organization_name":"Nottingham Trent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330885","display_name":"John and Lucille Van Geest Foundation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":113,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W335199512","https://openalex.org/W1480911578","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1516364656","https://openalex.org/W1518653822","https://openalex.org/W1546440430","https://openalex.org/W1554576613","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1566254991","https://openalex.org/W1575982426","https://openalex.org/W1727290854","https://openalex.org/W1965291023","https://openalex.org/W1967053372","https://openalex.org/W1970156673","https://openalex.org/W1971538947","https://openalex.org/W1976301777","https://openalex.org/W1976564639","https://openalex.org/W1978694357","https://openalex.org/W1983209518","https://openalex.org/W1987270093","https://openalex.org/W1991848143","https://openalex.org/W1993066733","https://openalex.org/W1996647803","https://openalex.org/W1998221080","https://openalex.org/W1998241847","https://openalex.org/W2000264668","https://openalex.org/W2004548053","https://openalex.org/W2011897000","https://openalex.org/W2012289572","https://openalex.org/W2019183681","https://openalex.org/W2019586039","https://openalex.org/W2020261731","https://openalex.org/W2023598912","https://openalex.org/W2028070629","https://openalex.org/W2029441111","https://openalex.org/W2038781708","https://openalex.org/W2038889613","https://openalex.org/W2043235003","https://openalex.org/W2046661787","https://openalex.org/W2048098720","https://openalex.org/W2049372093","https://openalex.org/W2052809554","https://openalex.org/W2054635779","https://openalex.org/W2059495637","https://openalex.org/W2061879439","https://openalex.org/W2063674831","https://openalex.org/W2065186132","https://openalex.org/W2071466165","https://openalex.org/W2080574663","https://openalex.org/W2080705803","https://openalex.org/W2081441971","https://openalex.org/W2083467923","https://openalex.org/W2083844448","https://openalex.org/W2086901564","https://openalex.org/W2087070363","https://openalex.org/W2088677242","https://openalex.org/W2094229819","https://openalex.org/W2095441995","https://openalex.org/W2095475671","https://openalex.org/W2096307164","https://openalex.org/W2096900019","https://openalex.org/W2101786737","https://openalex.org/W2103116581","https://openalex.org/W2104372768","https://openalex.org/W2104653669","https://openalex.org/W2107432340","https://openalex.org/W2107956883","https://openalex.org/W2108043112","https://openalex.org/W2109958868","https://openalex.org/W2110298216","https://openalex.org/W2111051539","https://openalex.org/W2113169089","https://openalex.org/W2113294093","https://openalex.org/W2113944500","https://openalex.org/W2118872025","https://openalex.org/W2119580931","https://openalex.org/W2119985557","https://openalex.org/W2128552148","https://openalex.org/W2129832613","https://openalex.org/W2134389439","https://openalex.org/W2134984799","https://openalex.org/W2137317896","https://openalex.org/W2139564441","https://openalex.org/W2139701068","https://openalex.org/W2143033696","https://openalex.org/W2143908786","https://openalex.org/W2147246240","https://openalex.org/W2152396098","https://openalex.org/W2154738733","https://openalex.org/W2160678329","https://openalex.org/W2164837536","https://openalex.org/W2165073001","https://openalex.org/W2165086994","https://openalex.org/W2168561598","https://openalex.org/W2168692593","https://openalex.org/W2169006190","https://openalex.org/W2169053895","https://openalex.org/W2169887792","https://openalex.org/W2256578114","https://openalex.org/W2358623033","https://openalex.org/W2384095921","https://openalex.org/W2412285941","https://openalex.org/W2412875092","https://openalex.org/W2441341636","https://openalex.org/W2970930078","https://openalex.org/W2986444355","https://openalex.org/W3121126077","https://openalex.org/W3121926921","https://openalex.org/W3134936424","https://openalex.org/W3207342693","https://openalex.org/W4241801284","https://openalex.org/W4246798299","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2085384747","https://openalex.org/W2088166309","https://openalex.org/W1891216533","https://openalex.org/W2106071040","https://openalex.org/W4312133475","https://openalex.org/W4238976562","https://openalex.org/W2276587472","https://openalex.org/W4248323080","https://openalex.org/W2615795876","https://openalex.org/W2049612369"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Applications":[0],"of":[1,18,53,62,70,76,91,133,154],"genomic":[2],"and":[3,21,56,84,114,131,138,148,160,170,196],"proteomic":[4],"technologies":[5],"have":[6,85,122,179],"seen":[7],"a":[8,68,164,210],"major":[9],"increase,":[10],"resulting":[11],"in":[12,15,88,157,182,203],"an":[13,201],"explosion":[14],"the":[16,30,33,74,140,146,192,216,224],"amount":[17],"highly":[19,102],"dimensional":[20,103],"complex":[22,104,229],"data":[23],"being":[24],"generated.":[25],"Subsequently":[26],"this":[27],"has":[28],"increased":[29],"effort":[31],"by":[32,110],"bioinformatics":[34],"community":[35],"to":[36,46,59,96,99,125,143,150,184,214,218],"develop":[37],"novel":[38],"computational":[39],"approaches":[40],"that":[41],"allow":[42],"for":[43],"meaningful":[44],"information":[45,50,197,225],"be":[47,52],"extracted.":[48],"This":[49,93,135,189],"must":[51],"biological":[54,230],"relevance":[55],"thus":[57,222],"correlate":[58],"disease":[60,129],"phenotypes":[61],"interest.":[63],"Artificial":[64],"neural":[65,120,144,177],"networks":[66,121,178],"are":[67],"form":[69,191],"machine":[71,186,211],"learning":[72,187,212],"from":[73,172,209,227],"field":[75],"artificial":[77],"intelligence":[78],"with":[79,101,200],"proven":[80],"pattern":[81],"recognition":[82],"capabilities":[83],"been":[86,123],"utilized":[87],"many":[89],"areas":[90],"bioinformatics.":[92],"is":[94],"due":[95],"their":[97,151,155,219],"ability":[98],"cope":[100],"datasets":[105],"such":[106,127],"as":[107,128],"those":[108],"developed":[109],"protein":[111],"mass":[112,158],"spectrometry":[113,159],"DNA":[115],"microarray":[116,161],"experiments.":[117],"As":[118],"such,":[119],"applied":[124],"problems":[126],"classification":[130],"identification":[132],"biomarkers.":[134],"review":[136],"introduces":[137],"describes":[139],"concepts":[141,217],"related":[142],"networks,":[145],"advantages":[147],"caveats":[149],"use,":[152],"examples":[153],"applications":[156],"research":[162],"(with":[163],"particular":[165],"focus":[166],"on":[167],"cancer":[168],"studies),":[169],"illustrations":[171],"recent":[173],"literature":[174],"showing":[175],"where":[176],"performed":[180],"well":[181],"comparison":[183],"other":[185],"methods.":[188],"should":[190],"necessary":[193],"background":[194],"knowledge":[195],"enabling":[198],"researchers":[199],"interest":[202],"these":[204,228],"methodologies,":[205],"but":[206],"not":[207],"necessarily":[208],"background,":[213],"apply":[215],"own":[220],"datasets,":[221],"maximizing":[223],"gain":[226],"systems.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T08:17:26.163206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
