{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168542387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbn006","title":"A review of bioinformatics education in Germany","display_name":"A review of bioinformatics education in Germany","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168542387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbn006","mag":"2168542387","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18310676"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbn006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbn006","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bib/article-pdf/9/3/232/712063/bbn006.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bib/article-pdf/9/3/232/712063/bbn006.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015346451","display_name":"Ina Koch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3621-003X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Koch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Applied Sciences Berlin, FB VI, Bioinformatics, Seestr. 64, 13347 Berlin. ina.koch@molgen.mpg.de","Max-Planck-Society"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Applied Sciences Berlin, FB VI, Bioinformatics, Seestr. 64, 13347 Berlin. ina.koch@molgen.mpg.de","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Society","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089023752","display_name":"Georg Fuellen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4994-9829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799318839","display_name":"Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Greifswald","ror":"https://ror.org/025vngs54","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799318839"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Fuellen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georg Fuellen holds MSc degrees in computer science (Saarland University) and chemistry (MIT), and a doctorate from the University of Bielefeld. After a postdoc in systematics (University of Bochum) and an assistant professorship for bioinformatics (Medical Department, University of M\u00fcnster), he joined the University of Greifswald"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georg Fuellen holds MSc degrees in computer science (Saarland University) and chemistry (MIT), and a doctorate from the University of Bielefeld. After a postdoc in systematics (University of Bochum) and an assistant professorship for bioinformatics (Medical Department, University of M\u00fcnster), he joined the University of Greifswald","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799318839"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3885,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3885},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9293,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7442059,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"232","last_page":"242"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13937","display_name":"Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13937","display_name":"Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12576","display_name":"vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches","score":0.972100019454956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german","display_name":"German","score":0.7853832244873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6340469121932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum","display_name":"Curriculum","score":0.6291840076446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.5546407699584961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5228691101074219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.5034651160240173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.42056846618652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40282171964645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.3680911064147949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.35322052240371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.33354032039642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.32607799768447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.30631282925605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.2007930874824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10461831092834473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09196022152900696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.06612533330917358}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.7853832244873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6340469121932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.6291840076446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5546407699584961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5228691101074219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5034651160240173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.42056846618652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40282171964645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.3680911064147949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.35322052240371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.33354032039642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.32607799768447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.30631282925605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2007930874824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10461831092834473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09196022152900696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.06612533330917358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003479","descriptor_name":"Curriculum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003479","descriptor_name":"Curriculum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003479","descriptor_name":"Curriculum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004517","descriptor_name":"Education, Professional","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004517","descriptor_name":"Education, Professional","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004517","descriptor_name":"Education, Professional","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005858","descriptor_name":"Germany","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005858","descriptor_name":"Germany","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005858","descriptor_name":"Germany","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023281","descriptor_name":"Genomics","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023281","descriptor_name":"Genomics","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D023281","descriptor_name":"Genomics","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbn006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbn006","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bib/article-pdf/9/3/232/712063/bbn006.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18310676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18310676","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in bioinformatics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1006.9174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1006.9174","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ibima.med.uni-rostock.de/fileadmin/Institute/ibima/research_dateien/232.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1018.5545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1018.5545","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://bib.oxfordjournals.org/content/9/3/232.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edoc.mpg.de:404120","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://edoc.mpg.de/404120","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922265","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics, v.9, 232-242 (2008)","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_1584587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0010-803E-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbn006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbn006","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bib/article-pdf/9/3/232/712063/bbn006.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317967","display_name":"International Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330128","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Greifswald","ror":"https://ror.org/00r1edq15"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2168542387.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2168542387.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W137727153","https://openalex.org/W249159571","https://openalex.org/W576610066","https://openalex.org/W1500214331","https://openalex.org/W1509196567","https://openalex.org/W1582109070","https://openalex.org/W1606968589","https://openalex.org/W1642162696","https://openalex.org/W1796168865","https://openalex.org/W2014161987","https://openalex.org/W2046538693","https://openalex.org/W2046760236","https://openalex.org/W2052008210","https://openalex.org/W2052643996","https://openalex.org/W2061158331","https://openalex.org/W2074231493","https://openalex.org/W2074267393","https://openalex.org/W2085277871","https://openalex.org/W2087064593","https://openalex.org/W2096540950","https://openalex.org/W2103250001","https://openalex.org/W2106816206","https://openalex.org/W2108067237","https://openalex.org/W2114779636","https://openalex.org/W2134784304","https://openalex.org/W2142750990","https://openalex.org/W2144000913","https://openalex.org/W2151625863","https://openalex.org/W2170962136","https://openalex.org/W2171234651","https://openalex.org/W2242595754"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4288033310","https://openalex.org/W2385448226","https://openalex.org/W2609602962","https://openalex.org/W4313813243","https://openalex.org/W1997295348","https://openalex.org/W2077208628","https://openalex.org/W1699368119","https://openalex.org/W4300507456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,136],"describe":[1],"the":[2,20,23,46,54,81,107,117,130],"establishment":[3],"of":[4,12,22,27,34,53,62,69,78,83,109,120,133,144],"bioinformatics":[5,14,37,122,145],"in":[6,16,65,67,74],"Germany":[7,66],"and":[8,42,93],"give":[9,59],"an":[10],"overview":[11],"current":[13],"education":[15,38],"this":[17,28,70,112],"country,":[18],"from":[19],"perspective":[21],"practitioner.":[24],"The":[25],"aim":[26],"study":[29],"is":[30],"to":[31],"demonstrate":[32],"development":[33,143],"a":[35,51,60,75],"strong":[36],"at":[39,91],"German":[40,121,134],"universities":[41,92],"research":[43,94],"institutes":[44],"during":[45],"last":[47],"years.":[48],"Beginning":[49],"with":[50,102],"definition":[52],"multi-disciplinary":[55],"field":[56],"bioinformatics,":[57],"we":[58,86,114],"survey":[61],"government":[63],"initiatives":[64],"support":[68],"field,":[71],"which":[72],"resulted":[73],"wide":[76],"spectrum":[77],"courses.":[79],"To":[80],"best":[82],"our":[84],"knowledge,":[85],"compile":[87],"all":[88],"ongoing":[89],"courses":[90,101],"institutes.":[95],"Five":[96],"case":[97],"studies":[98],"featuring":[99],"university":[100],"different":[103],"educational":[104],"focus":[105],"illustrate":[106],"variety":[108],"efforts.":[110],"In":[111],"context":[113],"also":[115],"discuss":[116],"main":[118],"components":[119,125],"curricula.":[123],"These":[124],"can":[126],"be":[127],"considered":[128],"as":[129],"basic":[131],"knowledge":[132],"bioinformaticians.":[135],"conclude":[137],"by":[138],"giving":[139],"perspectives":[140],"for":[141],"further":[142],"education.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}