{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103158841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbl021","title":"Navigating the HapMap","display_name":"Navigating the HapMap","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103158841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbl021","mag":"2103158841","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16877472"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbl021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbl021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104831267","display_name":"Michael R. Barnes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9097-7381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188950975","display_name":"GlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01xsqw823","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188950975"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. R. Barnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Molecular Genetic Informatics, Discovery and Analysis Bioinformatics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Harlow, Essex, UK. Michael.R.Barnes@gsk.com"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Genetic Informatics, Discovery and Analysis Bioinformatics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Harlow, Essex, UK. Michael.R.Barnes@gsk.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188950975"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104831267"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188950975"],"apc_list":{"value":4011,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4011},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2703,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88293824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"211","last_page":"224"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-hapmap-project","display_name":"International HapMap Project","score":0.985053300857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haplotype","display_name":"Haplotype","score":0.6435397863388062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linkage-disequilibrium","display_name":"Linkage disequilibrium","score":0.6237462162971497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-genome","display_name":"Human genome","score":0.5879969596862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haplotype-estimation","display_name":"Haplotype estimation","score":0.557908833026886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-nucleotide-polymorphism","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","score":0.533272385597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-genetic-variation","display_name":"Human genetic variation","score":0.5243231058120728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.513950526714325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.49342575669288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.48332667350769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genome","display_name":"Genome","score":0.479383260011673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imputation","display_name":"Imputation (statistics)","score":0.478268027305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.4357631802558899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.42256397008895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3375719487667084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allele","display_name":"Allele","score":0.22071245312690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.20357981324195862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genotype","display_name":"Genotype","score":0.13640886545181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.10216963291168213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177580304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147298","display_name":"International HapMap Project","level":5,"score":0.985053300857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197754878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80711","display_name":"Haplotype","level":4,"score":0.6435397863388062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35605836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2064311","display_name":"Linkage disequilibrium","level":5,"score":0.6237462162971497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197077220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q720988","display_name":"Human genome","level":4,"score":0.5879969596862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44432683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17145705","display_name":"Haplotype estimation","level":5,"score":0.557908833026886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153209595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501128","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","level":4,"score":0.533272385597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40583040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502105","display_name":"Human genetic variation","level":5,"score":0.5243231058120728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.513950526714325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.49342575669288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.48332667350769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.479383260011673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58041806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660484","display_name":"Imputation (statistics)","level":3,"score":0.478268027305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.4357631802558899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.42256397008895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3375719487667084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180754005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80726","display_name":"Allele","level":3,"score":0.22071245312690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.20357981324195862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.13640886545181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.10216963291168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9357733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878417","display_name":"Missing data","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000483","descriptor_name":"Alleles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000483","descriptor_name":"Alleles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000483","descriptor_name":"Alleles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002874","descriptor_name":"Chromosome Mapping","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002874","descriptor_name":"Chromosome Mapping","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002874","descriptor_name":"Chromosome Mapping","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006239","descriptor_name":"Haplotypes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006239","descriptor_name":"Haplotypes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006239","descriptor_name":"Haplotypes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015810","descriptor_name":"Linkage Disequilibrium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015810","descriptor_name":"Linkage Disequilibrium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015810","descriptor_name":"Linkage Disequilibrium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015894","descriptor_name":"Genome, Human","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015894","descriptor_name":"Genome, Human","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015894","descriptor_name":"Genome, Human","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017422","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017422","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017422","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030541","descriptor_name":"Databases, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030541","descriptor_name":"Databases, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030541","descriptor_name":"Databases, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbl021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbl021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16877472","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16877472","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in bioinformatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1551517749","https://openalex.org/W1560563502","https://openalex.org/W1583476286","https://openalex.org/W1730861791","https://openalex.org/W1967176062","https://openalex.org/W1990139289","https://openalex.org/W1991427566","https://openalex.org/W1994332522","https://openalex.org/W1998745514","https://openalex.org/W2005935256","https://openalex.org/W2008293760","https://openalex.org/W2012227260","https://openalex.org/W2015408724","https://openalex.org/W2025253353","https://openalex.org/W2027572179","https://openalex.org/W2037710951","https://openalex.org/W2043674997","https://openalex.org/W2054697783","https://openalex.org/W2055543630","https://openalex.org/W2057613402","https://openalex.org/W2057692691","https://openalex.org/W2058401000","https://openalex.org/W2060181803","https://openalex.org/W2063007776","https://openalex.org/W2064226252","https://openalex.org/W2064813527","https://openalex.org/W2082137418","https://openalex.org/W2091143313","https://openalex.org/W2091576663","https://openalex.org/W2097285729","https://openalex.org/W2100419832","https://openalex.org/W2105253498","https://openalex.org/W2108871359","https://openalex.org/W2109195195","https://openalex.org/W2110343195","https://openalex.org/W2120321361","https://openalex.org/W2120852500","https://openalex.org/W2122732537","https://openalex.org/W2123466824","https://openalex.org/W2124300302","https://openalex.org/W2124653005","https://openalex.org/W2128016314","https://openalex.org/W2129559300","https://openalex.org/W2130169482","https://openalex.org/W2131847331","https://openalex.org/W2136423684","https://openalex.org/W2144870508","https://openalex.org/W2145371252","https://openalex.org/W2152664025","https://openalex.org/W2155635136","https://openalex.org/W2156886335","https://openalex.org/W2159091117","https://openalex.org/W2162530578","https://openalex.org/W2164716330","https://openalex.org/W2167695374","https://openalex.org/W2169421412","https://openalex.org/W2169902960","https://openalex.org/W2217809488","https://openalex.org/W2247766769"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126214064","https://openalex.org/W2576046690","https://openalex.org/W2171631495","https://openalex.org/W2158822573","https://openalex.org/W2166135130","https://openalex.org/W2038652894","https://openalex.org/W1989743336","https://openalex.org/W2206749611","https://openalex.org/W2103158841","https://openalex.org/W2110523081"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,4,30,36,39,46,73,84,90,168,179,203,211,226],"availability":[2],"of":[3,11,32,38,68,87,100,128,132,135,162,184,199,228],"HapMap--a":[5],"resource":[6,209],"which":[7],"describes":[8],"common":[9],"patterns":[10],"linkage":[12],"disequilibrium":[13],"(LD)":[14],"in":[15,35,61,81,186,225],"four":[16],"different":[17],"human":[18,47,187,212,229],"population":[19],"samples,":[20],"we":[21],"now":[22,103],"have":[23],"a":[24,62,77,98,126,158],"powerful":[25],"tool":[26],"to":[27,45,83,105],"help":[28],"dissect":[29],"role":[31],"genetic":[33],"variation":[34],"biology":[37],"genome.":[40],"HapMap":[41,169,204],"is":[42,53],"entirely":[43],"complimentary":[44],"genome":[48,74,213],"map":[49],"and":[50,89,119,122,147,155,182,189,195,216],"so":[51,217],"it":[52,57,220],"particularly":[54],"fitting":[55],"that":[56,93],"should":[58],"be":[59,76],"viewed":[60],"full":[63],"genomic":[64],"context.":[65],"However,":[66,97],"characterization":[67],"high":[69],"resolution":[70],"LD":[71,123,154],"across":[72,157],"can":[75],"challenging":[78],"task,":[79],"owing":[80],"part":[82],"sheer":[85],"volume":[86],"data":[88,165],"inherent":[91],"dimensionality":[92],"its":[94],"analysis":[95],"entails.":[96],"number":[99,127],"tools":[101,116],"are":[102],"available":[104],"make":[106,202],"this":[107,218],"task":[108],"easier":[109],"for":[110,117,176,223],"researchers.":[111],"This":[112],"review":[113],"will":[114],"examine":[115],"viewing":[118,153,222],"analysing":[120],"haplotype":[121,136],"data,":[124],"enabling":[125],"tasks;":[129],"including":[130],"identification":[131],"optimal":[133],"sets":[134],"tagging":[137],"single":[138],"nucleotide":[139],"polymorphisms":[140],"(SNPs);":[141],"drawing":[142],"links":[143],"between":[144],"associated":[145],"SNPs":[146],"putative":[148],"causal":[149],"alleles;":[150],"or":[151,160],"simply":[152],"haplotypes":[156],"gene":[159,196],"region":[161],"interest.":[163],"The":[164],"generated":[166],"by":[167],"also":[170],"has":[171],"other":[172],"important":[173,208],"applications,":[174],"informing,":[175],"example,":[177],"on":[178,190],"demographic":[180],"history":[181],"evidence":[183],"selection":[185],"populations":[188],"previously":[191],"undetected":[192],"regulatory":[193],"relationships":[194],"networks.":[197],"All":[198],"these":[200],"properties":[201],"no":[205],"less":[206],"an":[207],"than":[210],"sequence":[214],"itself":[215],"makes":[219],"essential":[221],"all":[224],"field":[227],"biology.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}