{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134183529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbag104","title":"Artificial intelligence-enabled multi-scale virtual cell: perspective, challenges, and opportunities","display_name":"Artificial intelligence-enabled multi-scale virtual cell: perspective, challenges, and opportunities","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134183529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbag104","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41795653"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbag104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbag104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbag104","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032230008","display_name":"Huasen Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6802-1017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huasen Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China , 238 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266404 ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China , 238 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266404 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128360548","display_name":"Xiaoyu Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China , 238 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266404 ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China , 238 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266404 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075836788","display_name":"Xiangpeng Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4712-0870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangpeng Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China , 238 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266404 ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China , 238 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266404 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128375457","display_name":"Wenjian Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjian Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China , 238 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266404 ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8725-1029","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China , 238 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266404 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128374688","display_name":"Haibo Ni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I217203536","display_name":"Hankou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rcq3q20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I217203536"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibo Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical School of Nanjing University , 22 Hankou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210008 ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical School of Nanjing University , 22 Hankou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210008 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I217203536","https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128350424","display_name":"Zhiqiang Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143413998","display_name":"Qingdao University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/041j8js14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China , 238 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266404 ,","College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao 266071 ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China , 238 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266404 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao 266071 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024","https://openalex.org/I143413998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128366049","display_name":"Pin Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116869","display_name":"Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/026e9yy16","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116869"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pin Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Echocardiography, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao 266000 ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Echocardiography, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao 266000 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024","https://openalex.org/I4210116869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122798918","display_name":"Henggui Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henggui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101822148","display_name":"Shugang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9774-9709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shugang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China , 238 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266404 ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9774-9709","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China , 238 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266404 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032230008"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"],"apc_list":{"value":4011,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4011},"apc_paid":{"value":4011,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4011},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50780635,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11289","display_name":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics","score":0.2599000036716461,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11289","display_name":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics","score":0.2599000036716461,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.241799995303154,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10621","display_name":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","score":0.1525000035762787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictability","display_name":"Predictability","score":0.6398000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.6236000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multidisciplinary-approach","display_name":"Multidisciplinary approach","score":0.5633999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.49219998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.33889999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197640229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2534066","display_name":"Predictability","level":2,"score":0.6398000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6236000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22467394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849359","display_name":"Multidisciplinary approach","level":2,"score":0.5633999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5340999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.49219998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35760000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3391999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201797286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4914986","display_name":"Biological data","level":2,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164100034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1870629","display_name":"Loose coupling","level":2,"score":0.2702000141143799}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbag104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbag104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41795653","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41795653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in bioinformatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12967334","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12967334/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Brief Bioinform","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbag104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbag104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.44152045249938965,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4770654476","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202561013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6814367107","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025KJH006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334014","funder_display_name":"Youth Innovation Technology Project of Higher School in Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7335442858","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2025MS1069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8562008206","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62306293","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334014","display_name":"Youth Innovation Technology Project of Higher School in Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":166,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1608434096","https://openalex.org/W1974035453","https://openalex.org/W1993046136","https://openalex.org/W2035585923","https://openalex.org/W2040890820","https://openalex.org/W2081781433","https://openalex.org/W2086286404","https://openalex.org/W2103454055","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2117486996","https://openalex.org/W2118258530","https://openalex.org/W2123500593","https://openalex.org/W2127230663","https://openalex.org/W2130687290","https://openalex.org/W2134295452","https://openalex.org/W2148145769","https://openalex.org/W2163493106","https://openalex.org/W2165253681","https://openalex.org/W2167259990","https://openalex.org/W2174602966","https://openalex.org/W2268079951","https://openalex.org/W2537679995","https://openalex.org/W2559028527","https://openalex.org/W2605361745","https://openalex.org/W2612519453","https://openalex.org/W2615868398","https://openalex.org/W2620998958","https://openalex.org/W2641905542","https://openalex.org/W2763460652","https://openalex.org/W2895486342","https://openalex.org/W2901361432","https://openalex.org/W2910380368","https://openalex.org/W2911109671","https://openalex.org/W2916078022","https://openalex.org/W2928565511","https://openalex.org/W2932715753","https://openalex.org/W2935960355","https://openalex.org/W2951031981","https://openalex.org/W2953103783","https://openalex.org/W2953835350","https://openalex.org/W2962834855","https://openalex.org/W2996109087","https://openalex.org/W2999044305","https://openalex.org/W3007935255","https://openalex.org/W3010215457","https://openalex.org/W3017662469","https://openalex.org/W3025725510","https://openalex.org/W3037601773","https://openalex.org/W3082468538","https://openalex.org/W3093030756","https://openalex.org/W3093053585","https://openalex.org/W3095377337","https://openalex.org/W3096561213","https://openalex.org/W3104081477","https://openalex.org/W3109243443","https://openalex.org/W3131975258","https://openalex.org/W3136918052","https://openalex.org/W3153190939","https://openalex.org/W3153765484","https://openalex.org/W3164046276","https://openalex.org/W3164448939","https://openalex.org/W3165440876","https://openalex.org/W3174662367","https://openalex.org/W3177233526","https://openalex.org/W3177828909","https://openalex.org/W3178671025","https://openalex.org/W3184580818","https://openalex.org/W3185619636","https://openalex.org/W3185722432","https://openalex.org/W3208787103","https://openalex.org/W3209435229","https://openalex.org/W3214093190","https://openalex.org/W3215434375","https://openalex.org/W4205206193","https://openalex.org/W4205569118","https://openalex.org/W4210617107","https://openalex.org/W4211238337","https://openalex.org/W4223454372","https://openalex.org/W4225557479","https://openalex.org/W4229079441","https://openalex.org/W4229449348","https://openalex.org/W4280598116","https://openalex.org/W4280617006","https://openalex.org/W4281478251","https://openalex.org/W4283032464","https://openalex.org/W4286449197","https://openalex.org/W4288099645","https://openalex.org/W4292121795","https://openalex.org/W4295950911","https://openalex.org/W4297243391","https://openalex.org/W4306317360","https://openalex.org/W4306410382","https://openalex.org/W4306893537","https://openalex.org/W4311731568","https://openalex.org/W4313545069","https://openalex.org/W4319999782","https://openalex.org/W4323542924","https://openalex.org/W4364355678","https://openalex.org/W4366526178","https://openalex.org/W4376129031","https://openalex.org/W4378838672","https://openalex.org/W4382989753","https://openalex.org/W4383860788","https://openalex.org/W4384028983","https://openalex.org/W4384202290","https://openalex.org/W4385567764","https://openalex.org/W4385737488","https://openalex.org/W4386944450","https://openalex.org/W4386983969","https://openalex.org/W4387041442","https://openalex.org/W4388462035","https://openalex.org/W4388838206","https://openalex.org/W4388870515","https://openalex.org/W4389132297","https://openalex.org/W4389166577","https://openalex.org/W4389373701","https://openalex.org/W4390501271","https://openalex.org/W4391129999","https://openalex.org/W4391431979","https://openalex.org/W4391798114","https://openalex.org/W4392168151","https://openalex.org/W4392383014","https://openalex.org/W4392797177","https://openalex.org/W4392812577","https://openalex.org/W4393094536","https://openalex.org/W4393164247","https://openalex.org/W4395678258","https://openalex.org/W4396721167","https://openalex.org/W4396773852","https://openalex.org/W4396789292","https://openalex.org/W4398156410","https://openalex.org/W4399167425","https://openalex.org/W4399387478","https://openalex.org/W4400112692","https://openalex.org/W4401340626","https://openalex.org/W4402002930","https://openalex.org/W4403174218","https://openalex.org/W4403405969","https://openalex.org/W4403478939","https://openalex.org/W4403582490","https://openalex.org/W4403663573","https://openalex.org/W4404374562","https://openalex.org/W4404460392","https://openalex.org/W4404793799","https://openalex.org/W4405427572","https://openalex.org/W4405440043","https://openalex.org/W4405689242","https://openalex.org/W4405726300","https://openalex.org/W4405837413","https://openalex.org/W4406002713","https://openalex.org/W4406155921","https://openalex.org/W4407896879","https://openalex.org/W4408131648","https://openalex.org/W4408295891","https://openalex.org/W4408750242","https://openalex.org/W4408937787","https://openalex.org/W4410129260","https://openalex.org/W4410211177","https://openalex.org/W4410521040","https://openalex.org/W4411690475","https://openalex.org/W4412522491","https://openalex.org/W4412691933","https://openalex.org/W4413160591","https://openalex.org/W4415796266","https://openalex.org/W4416976589","https://openalex.org/W4417269797"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,11,45,62,132,137,143,164,170,182,198,202,207,226],"fundamental":[2],"unit":[3],"of":[4,47,101,136,147],"life,":[5],"cells":[6],"coordinate":[7],"biological":[8,50],"activities":[9],"through":[10],"interaction":[12],"between":[13],"microscopic":[14],"molecular":[15],"mechanisms":[16,135],"and":[17,25,40,78,94,123,128,156,167,191,194,221,247],"macroscopic":[18],"tissue":[19],"organization.":[20],"Traditional":[21],"research":[22,199],"studies,":[23],"experiments,":[24],"biochemical":[26],"analyses,":[27],"give":[28],"rise":[29],"to":[30,61,71,90,106,172,196,210,215,242,250],"important":[31],"insights,":[32],"although":[33],"they":[34],"are":[35,118],"restricted":[36],"in":[37,54,109,130,169,201,225],"spatiotemporal":[38],"resolution":[39],"processing":[41],"power,":[42],"thereby":[43],"precluding":[44],"understanding":[46],"dynamic":[48,158],"cross-scale":[49,133,150],"events":[51],".":[52],"Breakthroughs":[53],"artificial":[55],"intelligence":[56],"(AI)":[57],"have":[58],"given":[59],"birth":[60],"AI":[63],"virtual":[64],"cell":[65,92],"(AIVC)":[66],"as":[67,188],"a":[68,86,99,120,216,231,252],"new":[69],"way":[70],"do":[72],"research.":[73],"By":[74],"integrating":[75],"multi-omics":[76],"data":[77,189],"mixing":[79],"methods":[80],"from":[81,149,212],"multidisciplinary":[82],"models,":[83,245],"AIVC":[84,96,127,148,203,229],"establishes":[85],"digital":[87],"twin":[88],"system":[89],"simulate":[91],"functions":[93],"behaviors.":[95],"still":[97],"faces":[98],"number":[100],"pressing":[102],"challenges":[103,183],"that":[104,218,234],"need":[105],"be":[107],"addressed":[108],"its":[110],"current":[111],"development":[112],"stage.":[113],"In":[114],"this":[115],"review,":[116],"we":[117,141,162,179],"proposing":[119],"unified":[121,253],"definition":[122],"technical":[124,144,248],"framework":[125,146,254],"for":[126,176,255],"analyze":[129],"detail":[131],"coupling":[134],"\"gene-protein-pathway-cell\"":[138],"hierarchy.":[139],"Furthermore,":[140],"decompose":[142],"construction":[145],"representation":[151],"engineering,":[152],"functional":[153],"submodule":[154],"design,":[155],"multi-component":[157],"regulation":[159],"mechanisms.":[160],"Additionally,":[161],"summarize":[163],"existing":[165,244],"models":[166],"datasets":[168],"field":[171,204,256],"provide":[173,251],"reference":[174],"resources":[175],"researchers.":[177],"Finally,":[178],"deeply":[180],"discuss":[181],"faced":[184],"by":[185],"AIVC,":[186],"such":[187],"heterogeneity":[190],"model":[192],"interpretability,":[193],"aim":[195],"accelerate":[197],"progress":[200],"while":[205],"driving":[206],"life":[208],"sciences":[209],"shift":[211],"observational":[213],"analysis":[214],"paradigm":[217],"integrates":[219],"predictability":[220],"innovation.":[222],"Despite":[223],"being":[224],"early":[227],"stage,":[228],"is":[230],"trending":[232],"topic":[233],"has":[235],"garnered":[236],"widespread":[237],"interest.":[238],"This":[239],"review":[240],"aims":[241],"integrate":[243],"datasets,":[246],"ideas":[249],"development.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T07:06:17.341095","created_date":"2026-03-09T00:00:00"}