{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414422421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbaf491","title":"A survey on deep learning for drug-target binding prediction: models, benchmarks, evaluation, and case studies","display_name":"A survey on deep learning for drug-target binding prediction: models, benchmarks, evaluation, and case studies","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414422421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbaf491","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40977267"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbaf491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbaf491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbaf491","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kusal Debnath","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kusal Debnath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA 23284 ,","Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA 23284 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018203536","display_name":"Pratip Rana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9199-2479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pratip Rana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University , Norfolk, VA 23529 ,","Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University , Norfolk, VA 23529 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080886331","display_name":"Preetam Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3880-5886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Preetam Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA 23284 ,","Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA 23284 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4011,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4011},"apc_paid":{"value":4011,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4011},"fwci":12.5793,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98885123,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.8012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-discovery","display_name":"Drug discovery","score":0.6187000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5145999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.44440001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4074999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.8012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.682200014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6431000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74187038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418791","display_name":"Drug discovery","level":2,"score":0.6187000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5145999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4921000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.44440001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4074999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3553999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64903051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2198549","display_name":"Drug development","level":3,"score":0.3255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43540301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689971","display_name":"Paradigm shift","level":2,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989108626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904407","display_name":"Drug target","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.26840001344680786}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011485","descriptor_name":"Protein Binding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011485","descriptor_name":"Protein Binding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011485","descriptor_name":"Protein Binding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011485","descriptor_name":"Protein Binding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055808","descriptor_name":"Drug Discovery","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055808","descriptor_name":"Drug Discovery","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055808","descriptor_name":"Drug Discovery","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055808","descriptor_name":"Drug Discovery","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbaf491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbaf491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40977267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40977267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in bioinformatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.odu.edu:computerscience_fac_pubs-1406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/computerscience_fac_pubs/401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196314","display_name":"ODU Digital Commons (Old Dominion University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","host_organization_name":"Old Dominion University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science Faculty Publications","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11260551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12451107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12451107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12451107/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Brief Bioinform","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbaf491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbaf491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":134,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1466286227","https://openalex.org/W1544009106","https://openalex.org/W1545078134","https://openalex.org/W1968319881","https://openalex.org/W1971106435","https://openalex.org/W1971712477","https://openalex.org/W1971809076","https://openalex.org/W1982694126","https://openalex.org/W1983788571","https://openalex.org/W1984014392","https://openalex.org/W2025645148","https://openalex.org/W2035585923","https://openalex.org/W2038481443","https://openalex.org/W2044000445","https://openalex.org/W2050871600","https://openalex.org/W2055147198","https://openalex.org/W2079745490","https://openalex.org/W2086286404","https://openalex.org/W2092723276","https://openalex.org/W2094791588","https://openalex.org/W2101099825","https://openalex.org/W2105649494","https://openalex.org/W2106029302","https://openalex.org/W2108069034","https://openalex.org/W2111252945","https://openalex.org/W2114704115","https://openalex.org/W2122863289","https://openalex.org/W2123060905","https://openalex.org/W2126671570","https://openalex.org/W2131351052","https://openalex.org/W2135007932","https://openalex.org/W2137632714","https://openalex.org/W2139516171","https://openalex.org/W2139736926","https://openalex.org/W2142572836","https://openalex.org/W2145578524","https://openalex.org/W2148145769","https://openalex.org/W2152454589","https://openalex.org/W2153838454","https://openalex.org/W2154896031","https://openalex.org/W2159628188","https://openalex.org/W2160592148","https://openalex.org/W2161607603","https://openalex.org/W2161617000","https://openalex.org/W2171875038","https://openalex.org/W2278874757","https://openalex.org/W2542664757","https://openalex.org/W2596744052","https://openalex.org/W2612467560","https://openalex.org/W2620998958","https://openalex.org/W2753953057","https://openalex.org/W2781821160","https://openalex.org/W2784213390","https://openalex.org/W2785947426","https://openalex.org/W2899788782","https://openalex.org/W2909929882","https://openalex.org/W2914102443","https://openalex.org/W2946099214","https://openalex.org/W2974531988","https://openalex.org/W3005769002","https://openalex.org/W3018980093","https://openalex.org/W3019745511","https://openalex.org/W3028589594","https://openalex.org/W3029836473","https://openalex.org/W3032123378","https://openalex.org/W3096561213","https://openalex.org/W3151148247","https://openalex.org/W3158002239","https://openalex.org/W3159276577","https://openalex.org/W3177500196","https://openalex.org/W3177828909","https://openalex.org/W3206585172","https://openalex.org/W4200547951","https://openalex.org/W4206419503","https://openalex.org/W4214816648","https://openalex.org/W4220872781","https://openalex.org/W4242372416","https://openalex.org/W4280572290","https://openalex.org/W4281768709","https://openalex.org/W4289260388","https://openalex.org/W4295539419","https://openalex.org/W4297632148","https://openalex.org/W4318391592","https://openalex.org/W4319999782","https://openalex.org/W4323256897","https://openalex.org/W4361985865","https://openalex.org/W4362459640","https://openalex.org/W4376133372","https://openalex.org/W4378782647","https://openalex.org/W4379741778","https://openalex.org/W4379932151","https://openalex.org/W4380739447","https://openalex.org/W4385330534","https://openalex.org/W4385790266","https://openalex.org/W4386814879","https://openalex.org/W4387026109","https://openalex.org/W4387212992","https://openalex.org/W4388455891","https://openalex.org/W4388595306","https://openalex.org/W4388615774","https://openalex.org/W4391444806","https://openalex.org/W4391798323","https://openalex.org/W4392589742","https://openalex.org/W4392693790","https://openalex.org/W4393143576","https://openalex.org/W4396732537","https://openalex.org/W4399356619","https://openalex.org/W4400060970","https://openalex.org/W4401730694","https://openalex.org/W4401757149","https://openalex.org/W4402131052","https://openalex.org/W4403284571","https://openalex.org/W4404458588","https://openalex.org/W4404511389","https://openalex.org/W4404572688","https://openalex.org/W4404642710","https://openalex.org/W4405196419","https://openalex.org/W4406982838","https://openalex.org/W4407117450","https://openalex.org/W4407128789","https://openalex.org/W4407131102","https://openalex.org/W4407466332","https://openalex.org/W4408051166","https://openalex.org/W4408371653","https://openalex.org/W4408468939","https://openalex.org/W4410065093","https://openalex.org/W4410086861","https://openalex.org/W4410230459","https://openalex.org/W4410233551","https://openalex.org/W4410285419","https://openalex.org/W4410887882","https://openalex.org/W4410897602","https://openalex.org/W4410955582","https://openalex.org/W4410976463"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conventional":[0],"drug":[1,42,99,232],"discovery":[2,43,100],"is":[3,37],"expensive,":[4],"time-consuming,":[5],"and":[6,50,55,83,142,202,234],"prone":[7],"to":[8,24,61,130,168,177,238],"failure.":[9],"Artificial":[10],"intelligence":[11],"has":[12],"become":[13],"a":[14,38,109,210,219],"potent":[15,110],"substitute":[16],"over":[17],"the":[18,74,92,96,144,170,179,195,198,228],"last":[19],"decade,":[20],"providing":[21],"strong":[22],"answers":[23],"challenging":[25],"biological":[26],"issues":[27],"in":[28,95,164,182],"this":[29,46,69,186],"field.":[30],"Among":[31],"these":[32,173,207],"difficulties,":[33],"drug-target":[34,48,51,224],"binding":[35],"(DTB)":[36],"key":[39],"component":[40],"of":[41,65,98,172,214,230],"techniques.":[44],"In":[45,68,115,175],"context,":[47],"affinity":[49],"interaction":[52],"are":[53],"complementary":[54],"essential":[56],"frameworks":[57],"that":[58,133],"work":[59],"together":[60],"improve":[62],"our":[63],"comprehension":[64],"DTB":[66,87,113,183,199],"dynamics.":[67],"work,":[70],"we":[71,117],"thoroughly":[72],"analyze":[73],"most":[75,145],"recent":[76,146],"deep":[77,106,216],"learning":[78,107,217],"models,":[79,185],"popular":[80],"benchmark":[81],"datasets,":[82],"assessment":[84],"metrics":[85],"for":[86,112,197,222],"prediction.":[88,114],"We":[89,149],"look":[90],"at":[91],"paradigm":[93],"shift":[94],"development":[97],"research":[101,204],"since":[102],"researchers":[103],"started":[104],"using":[105],"as":[108],"tool":[111],"particular,":[116],"examine":[118],"how":[119,215],"methodologies":[120],"have":[121],"evolved,":[122],"starting":[123],"with":[124],"early":[125],"heterogeneous":[126],"network-based":[127],"approaches,":[128],"progressing":[129],"graph-based":[131],"approaches":[132],"were":[134],"widely":[135],"accepted,":[136],"followed":[137],"by":[138],"modern":[139],"attention-based":[140],"architectures,":[141],"finally,":[143],"multimodal":[147],"approaches.":[148,174],"also":[150,188,193],"provide":[151],"case":[152],"studies":[153,208],"utilizing":[154],"an":[155],"extensive":[156],"compound":[157],"library":[158],"against":[159],"specific":[160],"protein":[161],"targets":[162],"implicated":[163],"critical":[165],"cancer":[166],"pathways":[167],"demonstrate":[169],"usefulness":[171],"addition":[176],"summarizing":[178],"latest":[180],"developments":[181],"prediction":[184,200],"review":[187],"identifies":[189],"their":[190],"drawbacks.":[191],"It":[192],"highlights":[194],"outlook":[196],"domain":[201],"future":[203],"directions.":[205],"Combined,":[206],"present":[209],"more":[211],"comprehensive":[212],"view":[213],"offers":[218],"quantitative":[220],"framework":[221],"researching":[223],"relationships,":[225],"speeding":[226],"up":[227],"identification":[229],"new":[231],"candidates":[233],"making":[235],"it":[236],"easier":[237],"identify":[239],"possible":[240],"DTBs.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-07-19T07:52:34.831488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}