{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414422728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbaf481","title":"VF-Fuse: a dual-path feature fusion and iterative update architecture for virulence factor prediction","display_name":"VF-Fuse: a dual-path feature fusion and iterative update architecture for virulence factor prediction","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414422728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbaf481","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40977265"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbaf481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbaf481","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bib/article-pdf/26/5/bbaf481/64339210/bbaf481.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bib/article-pdf/26/5/bbaf481/64339210/bbaf481.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Liang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8395-8574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140221134","display_name":"Anhui Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0327f3359","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China","Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8395-8574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108305912","display_name":"Xiangyu Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140221134","display_name":"Anhui Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0327f3359","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China","School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033831142","display_name":"Shumei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4979-6778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140221134","display_name":"Anhui Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0327f3359","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shumei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China","Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100740769","display_name":"Qingwei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0125-6262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140221134","display_name":"Anhui Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0327f3359","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingwei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China","Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101622849","display_name":"Dan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1753-3594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140221134","display_name":"Anhui Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0327f3359","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China","Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055435419","display_name":"Qi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8683-6145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140221134","display_name":"Anhui Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0327f3359","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China","Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University , Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Changjiang West Road 130, Shushan District, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"],"apc_list":{"value":4011,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4011},"apc_paid":{"value":4011,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4011},"fwci":1.0501,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79866973,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11048","display_name":"Bacteriophages and microbial interactions","score":0.9664999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11048","display_name":"Bacteriophages and microbial interactions","score":0.9664999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12576","display_name":"vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches","score":0.9632999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9437999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.892300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concatenation","display_name":"Concatenation (mathematics)","score":0.692300021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.6467999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6360999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-engineering","display_name":"Feature engineering","score":0.3935999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-and-incremental-development","display_name":"Iterative and incremental development","score":0.38850000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.3652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32170000672340393}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.892300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87619178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126002","display_name":"Concatenation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.692300021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.6467999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6360999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5866000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5163000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778827112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22245680","display_name":"Feature engineering","level":3,"score":0.3935999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143587482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543216","display_name":"Iterative and incremental development","level":2,"score":0.38850000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3878999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153668964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27636","display_name":"Majority rule","level":2,"score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132778050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2065430","display_name":"Weighted voting","level":4,"score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001419","descriptor_name":"Bacteria","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001419","descriptor_name":"Bacteria","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001419","descriptor_name":"Bacteria","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001419","descriptor_name":"Bacteria","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001419","descriptor_name":"Bacteria","qualifier_ui":"Q000472","qualifier_name":"pathogenicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001419","descriptor_name":"Bacteria","qualifier_ui":"Q000472","qualifier_name":"pathogenicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001419","descriptor_name":"Bacteria","qualifier_ui":"Q000472","qualifier_name":"pathogenicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001419","descriptor_name":"Bacteria","qualifier_ui":"Q000472","qualifier_name":"pathogenicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001426","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001426","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001426","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001426","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D037521","descriptor_name":"Virulence Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D037521","descriptor_name":"Virulence Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D037521","descriptor_name":"Virulence Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D037521","descriptor_name":"Virulence Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D037521","descriptor_name":"Virulence Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D037521","descriptor_name":"Virulence Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D037521","descriptor_name":"Virulence Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D037521","descriptor_name":"Virulence Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D037521","descriptor_name":"Virulence Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D037521","descriptor_name":"Virulence Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D037521","descriptor_name":"Virulence Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D037521","descriptor_name":"Virulence Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbaf481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbaf481","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bib/article-pdf/26/5/bbaf481/64339210/bbaf481.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40977265","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40977265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in bioinformatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11260524","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12451104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12451104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12451104/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Brief Bioinform","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbaf481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbaf481","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bib/article-pdf/26/5/bbaf481/64339210/bbaf481.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1325995547","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"32202891","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414422728.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1622925613","https://openalex.org/W1979471280","https://openalex.org/W1993711987","https://openalex.org/W2024648909","https://openalex.org/W2038681300","https://openalex.org/W2039095343","https://openalex.org/W2097606916","https://openalex.org/W2102884567","https://openalex.org/W2106197985","https://openalex.org/W2147863530","https://openalex.org/W2150822410","https://openalex.org/W2151044119","https://openalex.org/W2152869198","https://openalex.org/W2158700061","https://openalex.org/W2293515080","https://openalex.org/W2572540562","https://openalex.org/W2768723560","https://openalex.org/W2898120697","https://openalex.org/W2900102202","https://openalex.org/W2980789587","https://openalex.org/W2982586313","https://openalex.org/W3039241573","https://openalex.org/W3094367291","https://openalex.org/W3139686515","https://openalex.org/W3177500196","https://openalex.org/W3215508572","https://openalex.org/W4205773061","https://openalex.org/W4226348757","https://openalex.org/W4232096545","https://openalex.org/W4308112567","https://openalex.org/W4310699586","https://openalex.org/W4327550249","https://openalex.org/W4377223989","https://openalex.org/W4379087313","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4387931067","https://openalex.org/W4388283142","https://openalex.org/W4391280974","https://openalex.org/W4391365310","https://openalex.org/W4394779505","https://openalex.org/W4402270203","https://openalex.org/W4402458171","https://openalex.org/W4403603176","https://openalex.org/W4403782504","https://openalex.org/W4408477443","https://openalex.org/W4409905547","https://openalex.org/W4411327294"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"prediction":[1],"of":[2,46,106,172,179,186,209,215],"bacterial":[3],"virulence":[4],"factors":[5],"(VFs)":[6],"is":[7,63],"crucial":[8],"for":[9,83,98,144],"combating":[10],"infectious":[11],"diseases,":[12],"yet":[13],"traditional":[14],"methods":[15],"often":[16],"fail":[17],"to":[18,69,231,236],"capture":[19],"their":[20,54,146],"complex":[21],"sequence":[22],"properties.":[23],"We":[24],"address":[25],"this":[26],"challenge":[27],"by":[28,148,201],"leveraging":[29],"deep,":[30],"context-aware":[31],"representations":[32],"from":[33,48,153],"large-scale":[34],"protein":[35],"language":[36],"models":[37,123],"(PLMs).":[38],"Our":[39],"framework":[40],"begins":[41],"with":[42],"a":[43,64,70,112,169,176,182,191,206,212],"systematic":[44],"engineering":[45],"features":[47,235],"ESM-2":[49],"and":[50,91,120,135,181,211],"ProtT5,":[51],"which":[52,154],"confirmed":[53],"complementary":[55,102,234],"nature":[56],"but":[57],"also":[58],"revealed":[59],"that":[60],"simple":[61,133],"concatenation":[62],"suboptimal":[65],"fusion":[66],"strategy":[67],"due":[68],"\"feature":[71],"overshadowing\"":[72],"effect.":[73],"To":[74],"overcome":[75],"this,":[76],"we":[77,116,138],"developed":[78],"two":[79],"novel":[80],"architectures:":[81],"VF-Iter,":[82],"robust":[84],"feature":[85,127],"enhancement":[86],"via":[87],"iterative":[88],"low-rank":[89],"updates,":[90],"the":[92,101,141,159,163,173,196,227],"Dual-Path":[93],"Feature":[94],"Fusion":[95],"(DPF)":[96],"network,":[97],"intelligently":[99,232],"integrating":[100],"embeddings.":[103],"The":[104],"construction":[105],"our":[107,125,222],"final":[108],"model,":[109],"VF-Fuse,":[110],"involved":[111],"two-stage":[113],"process.":[114],"First,":[115],"selected":[117],"four":[118],"powerful":[119],"diverse":[121],"base":[122],"representing":[124],"distinct":[126],"strategies":[128],"(ESM-2":[129],"only,":[130,132],"ProtT5":[131],"concatenation,":[134],"DPF).":[136],"Second,":[137],"empirically":[139],"determined":[140],"best":[142,198],"method":[143],"combining":[145],"predictions":[147],"benchmarking":[149],"15":[150],"ensemble":[151],"techniques,":[152],"Majority":[155],"Voting":[156],"emerged":[157],"as":[158],"superior":[160,177],"choice.":[161],"On":[162],"independent":[164],"test":[165],"set,":[166],"VF-Fuse":[167],"establishes":[168],"new":[170],"state":[171],"art,":[174],"achieving":[175],"F1-Score":[178,189],"87.15%":[180],"Matthews":[183],"Correlation":[184],"Coefficient":[185],"73.61%.":[187],"This":[188],"marks":[190],"significant":[192],"3.3%":[193],"improvement":[194],"over":[195],"previous":[197],"method,":[199],"driven":[200],"an":[202],"excellent":[203],"balance":[204],"between":[205],"high":[207],"Sensitivity":[208],"90.1%":[210],"strong":[213],"Specificity":[214],"83.33%.":[216],"Crucially,":[217],"in-depth":[218],"interpretability":[219],"analyses":[220],"validated":[221],"architectural":[223],"design,":[224],"demonstrating":[225],"how":[226],"DPF":[228],"model":[229],"learns":[230],"route":[233],"specialized":[237],"pathways.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
