{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400457294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbae325","title":"ctGAN: combined transformation of gene expression and survival data with generative adversarial network","display_name":"ctGAN: combined transformation of gene expression and survival data with generative adversarial network","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400457294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbae325","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38980369"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbae325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbae325","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bib/article-pdf/25/4/bbae325/58482552/bbae325.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bib/article-pdf/25/4/bbae325/58482552/bbae325.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072545059","display_name":"Junkyu Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4422-5434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaeyoon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 , Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4422-5434","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 , Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069534195","display_name":"Junhee Seok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6475-8457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junhee Seok","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 , Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 , Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"],"apc_list":{"value":4011,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4011},"apc_paid":{"value":4011,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4011},"fwci":7.74,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97105546,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11970","display_name":"Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.8496391177177429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5916174650192261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5586115121841431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.4976079761981964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.463725745677948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3717750012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.2158852517604828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.20364722609519958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.1092577874660492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.09314504265785217}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.8496391177177429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5916174650192261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5586115121841431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4976079761981964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.463725745677948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3717750012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2158852517604828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.20364722609519958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.1092577874660492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.09314504265785217}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015972","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015972","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015972","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015972","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016019","descriptor_name":"Survival Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016019","descriptor_name":"Survival Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016019","descriptor_name":"Survival Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016019","descriptor_name":"Survival Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbae325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbae325","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bib/article-pdf/25/4/bbae325/58482552/bbae325.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38980369","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38980369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in bioinformatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11232285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11232285","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11232285/pdf/bbae325.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Brief Bioinform","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbae325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbae325","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bib/article-pdf/25/4/bbae325/58482552/bbae325.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2882647077","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022R1A2C2004003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7613549424","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2022R1A2C2004003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400457294.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W2006255103","https://openalex.org/W2019176983","https://openalex.org/W2024421819","https://openalex.org/W2029064186","https://openalex.org/W2044702943","https://openalex.org/W2084139018","https://openalex.org/W2091085232","https://openalex.org/W2095463689","https://openalex.org/W2112604076","https://openalex.org/W2115528316","https://openalex.org/W2125957298","https://openalex.org/W2137476312","https://openalex.org/W2137960802","https://openalex.org/W2156483112","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2336509392","https://openalex.org/W2625625371","https://openalex.org/W2765651856","https://openalex.org/W2768611535","https://openalex.org/W2792709886","https://openalex.org/W2804047627","https://openalex.org/W2807173791","https://openalex.org/W2895084243","https://openalex.org/W2897228760","https://openalex.org/W2921808728","https://openalex.org/W2922166087","https://openalex.org/W2948978827","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2964328732","https://openalex.org/W2969318320","https://openalex.org/W2999044305","https://openalex.org/W3009142625","https://openalex.org/W3010869159","https://openalex.org/W3016305693","https://openalex.org/W3017257212","https://openalex.org/W3042427971","https://openalex.org/W3081633905","https://openalex.org/W3090852973","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3104523752","https://openalex.org/W3117464799","https://openalex.org/W3139511935","https://openalex.org/W3160704433","https://openalex.org/W3161070260","https://openalex.org/W3186512750","https://openalex.org/W4214859672","https://openalex.org/W4220889904","https://openalex.org/W4223571280","https://openalex.org/W4226329457","https://openalex.org/W4296032638","https://openalex.org/W4297253404","https://openalex.org/W4310597577","https://openalex.org/W4311762778","https://openalex.org/W4313357516","https://openalex.org/W4323351149","https://openalex.org/W4360591883","https://openalex.org/W4379537782","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6736210646","https://openalex.org/W6775850519","https://openalex.org/W6776557274","https://openalex.org/W6809737332","https://openalex.org/W6810459963","https://openalex.org/W6838917754","https://openalex.org/W6840181304"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3099765033","https://openalex.org/W2989932438","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W2186333919","https://openalex.org/W4387297750","https://openalex.org/W4321369474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"studies":[1,23],"have":[2,63],"extensively":[3],"used":[4],"deep":[5,36,60],"learning":[6,37],"algorithms":[7],"to":[8,12,44,50,66,139,236],"analyze":[9],"gene":[10,68,99],"expression":[11,69,100],"predict":[13,237],"disease":[14,238],"diagnosis,":[15],"treatment":[16],"effectiveness,":[17],"and":[18,101,123,240],"survival":[19,102,112],"outcomes.":[20],"Survival":[21],"analysis":[22,113],"on":[24,202],"diseases":[25],"with":[26,136,167,192],"high":[27],"mortality":[28],"rates,":[29],"such":[30],"as":[31],"cancer,":[32],"are":[33,39,74],"indispensable.":[34],"However,":[35,71],"models":[38,62,73,138,158],"plagued":[40],"by":[41,114],"overfitting":[42],"owing":[43],"the":[45,51,57,95,130,150,163,172,183,187,195,203,209,220,245],"limited":[46,75],"sample":[47],"size":[48],"relative":[49],"large":[52],"number":[53],"of":[54,98,149,162,179],"genes.":[55],"Consequently,":[56],"latest":[58],"style-transfer":[59],"generative":[61,106],"been":[64],"implemented":[65],"generate":[67,84],"data.":[70,87,214],"these":[72],"in":[76,147,159,223,244],"their":[77],"applicability":[78],"for":[79],"clinical":[80],"purposes":[81],"because":[82],"they":[83],"only":[85,194],"transcriptomic":[86],"Therefore,":[88],"this":[89],"study":[90],"proposes":[91],"ctGAN,":[92],"which":[93],"enables":[94],"combined":[96],"transformation":[97],"data":[103,116,204],"using":[104,193],"a":[105],"adversarial":[107],"network":[108],"(GAN).":[109],"ctGAN":[110,155,218,231],"improves":[111],"augmenting":[115],"through":[117],"style":[118],"transformations":[119],"between":[120],"breast":[121],"cancer":[122,126,152,165],"11":[124,151,164],"other":[125],"types.":[127,153],"We":[128],"evaluated":[129],"concordance":[131],"index":[132],"(C-index)":[133],"enhancements":[134],"compared":[135,191],"previous":[137,157],"demonstrate":[140],"its":[141],"superiority.":[142],"Performance":[143],"improvements":[144],"were":[145],"observed":[146],"nine":[148],"Moreover,":[154],"outperformed":[156],"seven":[160],"out":[161],"types,":[166],"colon":[168],"adenocarcinoma":[169],"(COAD)":[170],"exhibiting":[171],"most":[173,224],"significant":[174],"improvement":[175],"(median":[176],"C-index":[177],"increase":[178],"~15.70%).":[180],"Furthermore,":[181],"integrating":[182],"generated":[184,211],"COAD":[185,197],"enhanced":[186],"log-rank":[188],"p-value":[189],"(0.041)":[190],"real":[196],"(p-value":[198],"=":[199],"0.797).":[200],"Based":[201],"distribution,":[205],"we":[206],"demonstrated":[207],"that":[208,230],"model":[210],"highly":[212],"plausible":[213],"In":[215],"clustering":[216],"evaluation,":[217],"exhibited":[219],"highest":[221],"performance":[222],"cases":[225],"(89.62%).":[226],"These":[227],"findings":[228],"suggest":[229],"can":[232],"be":[233],"meaningfully":[234],"utilized":[235],"progression":[239],"select":[241],"personalized":[242],"treatments":[243],"medical":[246],"field.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
