{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3164941572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbab209","title":"iAMP-CA2L: a new CNN-BiLSTM-SVM classifier based on cellular automata image for identifying antimicrobial peptides and their functional types","display_name":"iAMP-CA2L: a new CNN-BiLSTM-SVM classifier based on cellular automata image for identifying antimicrobial peptides and their functional types","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3164941572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbab209","mag":"3164941572","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34086856"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbab209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbab209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033602780","display_name":"Xuan Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1016-7544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I105991555","display_name":"Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01d0jcz74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105991555"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jing-De-Zhen Ceramic Institute, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jing-De-Zhen Ceramic Institute, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105991555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061678440","display_name":"Yutao Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4347-3329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I105991555","display_name":"Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01d0jcz74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105991555"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Tao Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jing-De-Zhen Ceramic Institute, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jing-De-Zhen Ceramic Institute, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105991555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102776183","display_name":"Xiang Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4046-5366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I105991555","display_name":"Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01d0jcz74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105991555"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jing-De-Zhen Ceramic Institute, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jing-De-Zhen Ceramic Institute, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105991555"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045166151","display_name":"Biljana Stamatovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3934-9686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I279976351","display_name":"University of Donja Gorica","ror":"https://ror.org/00pz8ca62","country_code":"ME","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I279976351"]}],"countries":["ME"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biljana Stamatovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Donja Gorica, Montenegro"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Donja Gorica, Montenegro","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I279976351"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033602780"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105991555"],"apc_list":{"value":4011,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4011},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8125,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":112,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96610781,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"6","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13326","display_name":"Biochemical and Structural Characterization","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11103","display_name":"Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities","score":0.9656000137329102,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7175703644752502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.702907383441925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6859486103057861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6605240106582642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-automaton","display_name":"Cellular automaton","score":0.5685569047927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5127964615821838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-peptides","display_name":"Antimicrobial peptides","score":0.4805615246295929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38826847076416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial","display_name":"Antimicrobial","score":0.29730695486068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1337468922138214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbiology","display_name":"Microbiology","score":0.044230520725250244}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7175703644752502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.702907383441925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6859486103057861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6605240106582642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35527583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189156","display_name":"Cellular automaton","level":2,"score":0.5685569047927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5127964615821838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540938839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201508","display_name":"Antimicrobial peptides","level":3,"score":0.4805615246295929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38826847076416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.29730695486068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1337468922138214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.044230520725250244}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000089682","descriptor_name":"Cellular Automata","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000089682","descriptor_name":"Cellular Automata","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000089682","descriptor_name":"Cellular Automata","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000089882","descriptor_name":"Antimicrobial Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000089882","descriptor_name":"Antimicrobial Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000089882","descriptor_name":"Antimicrobial Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000089882","descriptor_name":"Antimicrobial Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000089882","descriptor_name":"Antimicrobial Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000089882","descriptor_name":"Antimicrobial Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057188","descriptor_name":"Workflow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057188","descriptor_name":"Workflow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057188","descriptor_name":"Workflow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbab209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbab209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34086856","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34086856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in bioinformatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4150381309","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GJJ160866","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325626","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Jiangxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7511606564","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GJJ180703","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325626","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Jiangxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7563554493","display_name":"\u96c6\u6210\u5b66\u4e60\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u7684DNA\u542f\u52a8\u5b50\u5206\u7c7b\u53ca\u5176\u7532\u57fa\u5316\u9884\u6d4b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"31860312","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325626","display_name":"Education Department of Jiangxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1953606363","https://openalex.org/W1964557084","https://openalex.org/W1976178947","https://openalex.org/W1998064689","https://openalex.org/W1999954155","https://openalex.org/W2015770408","https://openalex.org/W2054602599","https://openalex.org/W2058938568","https://openalex.org/W2067402644","https://openalex.org/W2083416546","https://openalex.org/W2086798171","https://openalex.org/W2094988566","https://openalex.org/W2110367804","https://openalex.org/W2112862199","https://openalex.org/W2115552956","https://openalex.org/W2125283600","https://openalex.org/W2126352728","https://openalex.org/W2129115651","https://openalex.org/W2132866237","https://openalex.org/W2140501815","https://openalex.org/W2154290520","https://openalex.org/W2156935079","https://openalex.org/W2158581396","https://openalex.org/W2175270296","https://openalex.org/W2511835277","https://openalex.org/W2525580669","https://openalex.org/W2588467130","https://openalex.org/W2608969085","https://openalex.org/W2739999456","https://openalex.org/W2791848964","https://openalex.org/W2800074215","https://openalex.org/W2801924301","https://openalex.org/W2803620531","https://openalex.org/W2806146459","https://openalex.org/W2898169522","https://openalex.org/W2905629607","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2967189059","https://openalex.org/W2972223935","https://openalex.org/W2984592028","https://openalex.org/W2984726926","https://openalex.org/W2999945891","https://openalex.org/W3003306158","https://openalex.org/W3007838744","https://openalex.org/W3012439731","https://openalex.org/W3012568651","https://openalex.org/W3025501158","https://openalex.org/W3117992890","https://openalex.org/W3196519516","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6667333778","https://openalex.org/W6672420854","https://openalex.org/W6727547506","https://openalex.org/W6752119072","https://openalex.org/W6775184320","https://openalex.org/W6775808302"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2164619678","https://openalex.org/W2113544496","https://openalex.org/W2360313292","https://openalex.org/W2067777412","https://openalex.org/W1669105318","https://openalex.org/W2359527201","https://openalex.org/W2353714615","https://openalex.org/W9202957","https://openalex.org/W2370307662","https://openalex.org/W3091867061"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Predicting":[0],"antimicrobial":[1],"peptides":[2,147],"(AMPs')":[3],"function":[4],"is":[5,61,68,76,86,185],"an":[6,77],"important":[7],"and":[8,33,57,148,197],"difficult":[9],"problem,":[10],"particularly":[11],"when":[12],"AMPs":[13,20,112,155],"have":[14,22],"many":[15],"multiplex":[16],"functions,":[17],"i.e.":[18],"some":[19],"simultaneously":[21],"two":[23],"or":[24,79,94],"three":[25],"functional":[26,96,118],"classes.":[27],"By":[28],"introducing":[29],"the":[30,52,83,100,115,166,176,181,189,192,198],"'CNN-BiLSTM-SVM":[31],"classifier'":[32],"'cellular":[34],"automata":[35],"image',":[36],"a":[37,62,72,80,108],"new":[38],"predictor,":[39],"called":[40],"iAMP-CA2L,":[41,196],"has":[42,157,173,201],"been":[43,202],"developed":[44],"that":[45,171],"can":[46],"be":[47],"used":[48],"to":[49,69,87,92,162,188,204],"deal":[50],"with":[51,105,180],"systems":[53],"containing":[54],"both":[55],"monofunctional":[56],"multifunctional":[58],"AMPs.":[59],"iAMP-CA2L":[60,106,172,184],"2-level":[63],"predictor.":[64],"The":[65],"1st":[66],"level":[67,85],"identify":[70],"whether":[71],"given":[73],"query":[74],"peptide":[75],"AMP":[78],"non-AMP,":[81],"while":[82],"2nd":[84],"predict":[88],"if":[89],"it":[90],"belongs":[91],"one":[93],"more":[95],"types.":[97],"As":[98],"demonstration,":[99],"jackknife":[101],"cross-validation":[102],"was":[103],"performed":[104],"on":[107],"benchmark":[109],"dataset":[110],"of":[111,154],"classified":[113],"into":[114],"following":[116],"10":[117],"classes:":[119],"(1)":[120],"antibacterial":[121],"peptides,":[122,125,128,131,134,137,141,144,151],"(2)":[123],"antiviral":[124],"(3)":[126],"antifungal":[127],"(4)":[129],"antibiofilm":[130],"(5)":[132],"antiparasital":[133],"(6)":[135],"anti-HIV":[136],"(7)":[138],"anticancer":[139],"(antitumor)":[140],"(8)":[142],"chemotactic":[143],"(9)":[145],"anti-MRSA":[146],"(10)":[149],"antiendotoxin":[150],"where":[152],"none":[153],"included":[156],"\u226590%":[158],"pairwise":[159],"sequence":[160],"identity":[161],"any":[163],"other":[164],"in":[165],"same":[167],"subset.":[168],"Experiments":[169],"show":[170],"greatly":[174],"improved":[175],"prediction":[177],"performance":[178],"compared":[179],"existing":[182],"predictors.":[183],"freely":[186],"accessible":[187],"public":[190],"at":[191],"web":[193],"site":[194],"http://www.jci-bioinfo.cn/":[195],"predictor":[199],"program":[200],"uploaded":[203],"https://github.com/liujin66/iAMP-CA2L.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T15:57:00.446498","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}