{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3093030756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbaa243","title":"Predicting drug\u2013disease associations through layer attention graph convolutional network","display_name":"Predicting drug\u2013disease associations through layer attention graph convolutional network","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3093030756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbaa243","mag":"3093030756","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33078832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbaa243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbaa243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007388478","display_name":"Zhouxin Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-4459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhouxin Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101659630","display_name":"Feng Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5502-8105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041556115","display_name":"Xiaohan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0896-036X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085850141","display_name":"Wenjie Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4734-683X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjie Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100448121","display_name":"Wen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5221-2628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100448121"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"],"apc_list":{"value":4011,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4011},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.2961,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":396,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99763341,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.7221999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.7221999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.18449999392032623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.02239999920129776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.6597546339035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6369968056678772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.5898077487945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.5570013523101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug","display_name":"Drug","score":0.5448846220970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-development","display_name":"Drug development","score":0.5149036645889282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.434771329164505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-target","display_name":"Drug target","score":0.41393864154815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.371181845664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3346431851387024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.28608763217926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.17845043540000916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacology","display_name":"Pharmacology","score":0.08199858665466309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.07176125049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.0671708881855011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.6597546339035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6369968056678772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.5898077487945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5570013523101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.5448846220970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64903051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2198549","display_name":"Drug development","level":3,"score":0.5149036645889282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.434771329164505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989108626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904407","display_name":"Drug target","level":2,"score":0.41393864154815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.371181845664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3346431851387024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.28608763217926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17845043540000916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.08199858665466309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.07176125049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.0671708881855011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008956","descriptor_name":"Models, Chemical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008956","descriptor_name":"Models, Chemical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008956","descriptor_name":"Models, Chemical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010599","descriptor_name":"Pharmacokinetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010599","descriptor_name":"Pharmacokinetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010599","descriptor_name":"Pharmacokinetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bib/bbaa243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbaa243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91767247","display_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","issn_l":"1467-5463","issn":["1467-5463","1477-4054"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in Bioinformatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33078832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33078832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Briefings in bioinformatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1311322377","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5693357935","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772381","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G793318600","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61572368","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8777676422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC0407904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495899596","https://openalex.org/W1975380205","https://openalex.org/W1987852744","https://openalex.org/W1998068463","https://openalex.org/W1998898494","https://openalex.org/W2009081245","https://openalex.org/W2012541407","https://openalex.org/W2018201727","https://openalex.org/W2018518196","https://openalex.org/W2020132970","https://openalex.org/W2023703665","https://openalex.org/W2024847267","https://openalex.org/W2040610660","https://openalex.org/W2042016893","https://openalex.org/W2048685154","https://openalex.org/W2057734892","https://openalex.org/W2057946239","https://openalex.org/W2074979689","https://openalex.org/W2094571184","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2113072832","https://openalex.org/W2128194876","https://openalex.org/W2134427192","https://openalex.org/W2141222510","https://openalex.org/W2258406303","https://openalex.org/W2345332223","https://openalex.org/W2346950316","https://openalex.org/W2398842416","https://openalex.org/W2402674527","https://openalex.org/W2410222102","https://openalex.org/W2502949459","https://openalex.org/W2579434750","https://openalex.org/W2593390416","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2624407581","https://openalex.org/W2769562212","https://openalex.org/W2769688031","https://openalex.org/W2786016794","https://openalex.org/W2790385355","https://openalex.org/W2799488589","https://openalex.org/W2809156537","https://openalex.org/W2894039884","https://openalex.org/W2914663096","https://openalex.org/W2915806464","https://openalex.org/W2922405516","https://openalex.org/W2945827670","https://openalex.org/W2946099214","https://openalex.org/W2946267420","https://openalex.org/W2960557205","https://openalex.org/W2961050676","https://openalex.org/W2962398326","https://openalex.org/W2964051675","https://openalex.org/W2964054038","https://openalex.org/W2967109100","https://openalex.org/W2995866605","https://openalex.org/W2996505894","https://openalex.org/W3000082418","https://openalex.org/W3000600836","https://openalex.org/W3004260451","https://openalex.org/W3004554602","https://openalex.org/W3005970824","https://openalex.org/W3009246021","https://openalex.org/W3024894285","https://openalex.org/W3035129496","https://openalex.org/W3045200674","https://openalex.org/W3100278010","https://openalex.org/W4230072198","https://openalex.org/W4231842606","https://openalex.org/W4256509016","https://openalex.org/W4292907187","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6685562342","https://openalex.org/W6712987211","https://openalex.org/W6714470491","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6732269918","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6746770595","https://openalex.org/W6765446234","https://openalex.org/W6773850934"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2382997850","https://openalex.org/W2390968135","https://openalex.org/W2382213751","https://openalex.org/W2351750670","https://openalex.org/W1597848696","https://openalex.org/W2354715126","https://openalex.org/W2388563748","https://openalex.org/W2375179084","https://openalex.org/W2366646518","https://openalex.org/W2999199322"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Determining":[1],"drug-disease":[2,18,38,64,73,118,190],"associations":[3,19,39,119,174],"is":[4,23,40,184],"an":[5,112,133,142],"integral":[6],"part":[7],"in":[8,179],"the":[9,15,28,63,71,86,91,95,104,116,124,136,145,155,203,210,213,218],"process":[10],"of":[11,17,30,41,97,139,149,157,205],"drug":[12],"development.":[13],"However,":[14],"identification":[16],"through":[20],"wet":[21],"experiments":[22],"costly":[24],"and":[25,32,77,84,99,141,162,208],"inefficient.":[26],"Hence,":[27],"development":[29],"efficient":[31],"high-accuracy":[33],"computational":[34,52],"methods":[35,161],"for":[36,62,188],"predicting":[37,189],"great":[42],"significance.":[43],"RESULTS:":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46],"paper,":[47],"we":[48],"propose":[49],"a":[50,81,185],"novel":[51,173],"method":[53],"named":[54],"as":[55],"layer":[56],"attention":[57,113,214],"graph":[58,87,108],"convolutional":[59],"network":[60,92],"(LAGCN)":[61],"association":[65],"prediction.":[66],"Specifically,":[67],"LAGCN":[68,102,131,170,183],"first":[69],"integrates":[70],"known":[72],"associations,":[74],"drug-drug":[75],"similarities":[76,79],"disease-disease":[78],"into":[80],"heterogeneous":[82],"network,":[83],"applies":[85],"convolution":[88,109,199],"operation":[89],"to":[90,93],"learn":[94],"embeddings":[96,105,196,211],"drugs":[98],"diseases.":[100],"Second,":[101],"combines":[103],"from":[106,197],"multiple":[107],"layers":[110,200],"using":[111],"mechanism.":[114],"Third,":[115],"unobserved":[117],"are":[120,152,176],"scored":[121],"based":[122],"on":[123],"integrated":[125],"embeddings.":[126],"Evaluated":[127],"by":[128,212],"5-fold":[129],"cross-validations,":[130],"achieves":[132],"area":[134,143],"under":[135,144],"precision-recall":[137],"curve":[138,148],"0.3168":[140],"receiver-operating":[146],"characteristic":[147],"0.8750,":[150],"which":[151],"better":[153],"than":[154],"results":[156],"existing":[158],"state-of-the-art":[159],"prediction":[160,219],"baseline":[163],"methods.":[164],"The":[165],"case":[166],"study":[167,193],"shows":[168],"that":[169,175,195],"can":[171,201,216],"discover":[172],"not":[177],"curated":[178],"our":[180],"dataset.":[181],"CONCLUSION:":[182],"useful":[186],"tool":[187],"associations.":[191],"This":[192],"reveals":[194],"different":[198,206],"reflect":[202],"proximities":[204],"orders,":[207],"combining":[209],"mechanism":[215],"improve":[217],"performances.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":84},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":102},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":85},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":71},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":29}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
