{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2038687478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1090/dimacs/050/01","title":"External memory algorithms and data structures","display_name":"External memory algorithms and data structures","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2038687478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1090/dimacs/050/01","mag":"2038687478"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1090/dimacs/050/01","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1090/dimacs/050/01","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177973","display_name":"DIMACS series in discrete mathematics and theoretical computer science","issn_l":"1052-1798","issn":["1052-1798","2472-4793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"DIMACS Series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003340402","display_name":"Jeffrey Scott Vitter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7970-6118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey Vitter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, NC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003340402"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.3499,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99469496,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.758899986743927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.758899986743927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6218961477279663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.48081982135772705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6218961477279663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48081982135772705}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1090/dimacs/050/01","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1090/dimacs/050/01","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177973","display_name":"DIMACS series in discrete mathematics and theoretical computer science","issn_l":"1052-1798","issn":["1052-1798","2472-4793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"DIMACS Series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.147.3224","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.147.3224","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.duke.edu/~jsv/Papers/Vit98.dimacs_survey.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.33.2087","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.33.2087","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.duke.edu/~jsv/Papers/Vit98.dimacs_survey.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.419.7385","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.419.7385","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mpi-inf.mpg.de/departments/d1/teaching/ws10/models_of_computation/ExternalMemorySurveyVitter.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.55.1456","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.55.1456","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://simon.cs.cornell.edu/Info/Courses/Current/CS612/papers/Vit98.IO_survey.ps","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{".":[0],"Data":[1],"sets":[2],"in":[3,51,100,154],"large":[4],"applications":[5],"are":[6,64,83,102],"often":[7,84],"too":[8],"massive":[9],"to":[10,67,133,147],"fit":[11],"completely":[12],"inside":[13],"the":[14,46,49,52,89,103,108,112],"computer&amp;apos;s":[15],"internal":[16,26],"memory.":[17,139,156],"The":[18,94],"resulting":[19],"input/output":[20],"communication":[21],"(or":[22,122],"I/O)":[23],"between":[24],"fast":[25],"memory":[27,31,58],"and":[28,54,60,75,80,86,111,125,128,137,150],"slower":[29],"external":[30,57,155],"(such":[32],"as":[33,68],"disks)":[34],"can":[35,130],"be":[36,131],"a":[37],"major":[38],"performance":[39,99],"bottleneck.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42],"paper,":[43],"we":[44],"survey":[45],"state":[47],"of":[48,56,98,105,114],"art":[50],"design":[53],"analysis":[55],"algorithms":[59,74,79],"data":[61,76,81],"structures":[62,82],"(which":[63],"sometimes":[65],"referred":[66],"&amp;quot;EM&amp;quot;":[69],"or":[70,72],"&amp;quot;I/O&amp;quot;":[71],"&amp;quot;out-of-core&amp;quot;":[73],"structures).":[77],"EM":[78],"designed":[85],"analyzed":[87],"using":[88],"parallel":[90,126],"disk":[91,115,123],"model":[92],"(PDM).":[93],"three":[95],"machine-independent":[96],"measures":[97],"PDM":[101,117],"number":[104],"I/O":[106],"operations,":[107],"CPU":[109],"time,":[110],"amount":[113],"space.":[116],"allows":[118],"for":[119,145],"multiple":[120],"disks":[121],"arrays)":[124],"CPUs,":[127],"it":[129],"generalized":[132],"handle":[134],"tertiary":[135],"storage":[136],"hierarchical":[138],"We":[140],"discuss":[141],"several":[142],"important":[143],"paradigms":[144],"how":[146],"solve":[148],"batched":[149],"online":[151],"problems":[152],"efficiently":[153],"P...":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-07T06:01:17.266235","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
