{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1949659326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2013.0117","title":"The Rules of Engagement: Comparing Two Social Protest Movements on YouTube","display_name":"The Rules of Engagement: Comparing Two Social Protest Movements on YouTube","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1949659326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2013.0117","mag":"1949659326","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24111598"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1089/cyber.2013.0117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2013.0117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118036144","display_name":"Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking","issn_l":"2152-2715","issn":["2152-2715","2152-2723"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022408597","display_name":"Emily K. Vraga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3016-3869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emily K. Vraga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia","1 Department of Communication, George Mason University , Fairfax, Virginia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1 Department of Communication, George Mason University , Fairfax, Virginia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047121097","display_name":"Leticia Bode","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9859-2918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","display_name":"Georgetown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzafd60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leticia Bode","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication, Culture, and Technology, Georgetown University, Washington District of Columbia","GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication, Culture, and Technology, Georgetown University, Washington District of Columbia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035328798","display_name":"Chris Wells","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1126-9799"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Wells","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003588612","display_name":"Kevin Driscoll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1864-101X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Driscoll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Annenberg School of Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Annenberg School of Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020560603","display_name":"Kjerstin Thorson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5762-4688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kjerstin Thorson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Annenberg School of Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Annenberg School of Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022408597"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6958,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92714814,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"133","last_page":"140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13718","display_name":"Media Influence and Politics","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"Media Studies and Communication","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.7289659380912781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.7078655958175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-movement","display_name":"Social movement","score":0.6672107577323914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amateur","display_name":"Amateur","score":0.5628395080566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-activism","display_name":"Political activism","score":0.5279722809791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movement","display_name":"Movement (music)","score":0.4755770266056061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.46680572628974915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outreach","display_name":"Outreach","score":0.45066511631011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.4370417594909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-studies","display_name":"Media studies","score":0.42962777614593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3544536232948303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.11935979127883911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetics","display_name":"Aesthetics","score":0.10189500451087952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.10047048330307007}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.7289659380912781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.7078655958175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123108692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49773","display_name":"Social movement","level":3,"score":0.6672107577323914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778044066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455595","display_name":"Amateur","level":2,"score":0.5628395080566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909583634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203764","display_name":"Political activism","level":3,"score":0.5279722809791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929848","display_name":"Movement (music)","level":2,"score":0.4755770266056061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.46680572628974915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781400479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11640","display_name":"Outreach","level":2,"score":0.45066511631011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4370417594909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.42962777614593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3544536232948303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.11935979127883911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.10189500451087952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.10047048330307007}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006040","descriptor_name":"Goals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006040","descriptor_name":"Goals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006040","descriptor_name":"Goals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011057","descriptor_name":"Politics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011057","descriptor_name":"Politics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011057","descriptor_name":"Politics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012924","descriptor_name":"Social Conditions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012924","descriptor_name":"Social Conditions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012924","descriptor_name":"Social Conditions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012945","descriptor_name":"Social Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012945","descriptor_name":"Social Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012945","descriptor_name":"Social Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D061108","descriptor_name":"Social Media","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061108","descriptor_name":"Social Media","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061108","descriptor_name":"Social Media","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1089/cyber.2013.0117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2013.0117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118036144","display_name":"Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking","issn_l":"2152-2715","issn":["2152-2715","2152-2723"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24111598","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24111598","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142345412","https://openalex.org/W1486260984","https://openalex.org/W1491531314","https://openalex.org/W1501240478","https://openalex.org/W1544167051","https://openalex.org/W1572397043","https://openalex.org/W1595072765","https://openalex.org/W1598653619","https://openalex.org/W1918495485","https://openalex.org/W1969714566","https://openalex.org/W1998927433","https://openalex.org/W2017997038","https://openalex.org/W2019923146","https://openalex.org/W2023655891","https://openalex.org/W2045288064","https://openalex.org/W2051176206","https://openalex.org/W2069289992","https://openalex.org/W2075327455","https://openalex.org/W2083377627","https://openalex.org/W2083671373","https://openalex.org/W2084900738","https://openalex.org/W2116094027","https://openalex.org/W2120236325","https://openalex.org/W2145481513","https://openalex.org/W2149215949","https://openalex.org/W2322488382","https://openalex.org/W2324656367","https://openalex.org/W2345825072","https://openalex.org/W2890454299","https://openalex.org/W2969323191","https://openalex.org/W3123885641","https://openalex.org/W3124299830","https://openalex.org/W3126049959","https://openalex.org/W4247239021","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4391965190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3174701010","https://openalex.org/W1495447650","https://openalex.org/W2766425239","https://openalex.org/W2093123876","https://openalex.org/W2107571799","https://openalex.org/W2951112028","https://openalex.org/W4385223848","https://openalex.org/W4283828963","https://openalex.org/W2899340443"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0],"media":[1,30,109,197],"Web":[2],"sites":[3],"such":[4,181,213],"as":[5,182],"YouTube":[6,65,121,183],"offer":[7],"activists":[8],"unique":[9,120],"opportunities":[10],"to":[11,14,130,161,168,191],"reach":[12],"out":[13],"new":[15],"audiences":[16],"through":[17],"a":[18,59,113,198],"variety":[19],"of":[20,26,39,90,99],"diverse":[21,154],"appeals.":[22],"Yet":[23],"the":[24,34,40,71,88,97,116,169,208],"rules":[25],"engagement":[27,133,150],"on":[28,33,128,136],"social":[29,51,176,196],"should":[31],"depend":[32],"structures,":[35],"goals,":[36],"and":[37,74,92,95,134,140,151,158,165,200],"characteristics":[38],"movements":[41,52],"engaging":[42],"in":[43,50,178],"this":[44],"outreach.":[45],"To":[46],"explore":[47],"how":[48],"differences":[49],"translate":[53],"into":[54],"online":[55,179],"activism,":[56],"we":[57,86],"employ":[58],"paired":[60],"case":[61],"study":[62,173],"approach,":[63],"comparing":[64],"artifacts":[66],"for":[67,203,210],"two":[68,117],"political":[69],"mobilizations:":[70],"Occupy":[72,123],"Movement":[73],"California's":[75],"Proposition":[76,144],"8":[77,145],"ballot":[78],"initiative":[79],"concerning":[80],"same":[81],"sex":[82],"marriage.":[83],"Across":[84],"movements,":[85],"examine":[87],"popularity":[89],"videos":[91,126,146],"their":[93],"characteristics,":[94],"whether":[96],"type":[98],"video":[100,103],"consistently":[101],"predicts":[102],"engagement.":[104],"We":[105],"find":[106],"that":[107,175],"\"social":[108],"activism\"":[110],"is":[111,184,189],"not":[112,185],"unitary":[114],"phenomenon;":[115],"mobilizations":[118],"produced":[119,148],"ecologies.":[122],"Wall":[124],"Street":[125],"tended":[127],"average":[129],"produce":[131],"less":[132],"focused":[135],"filmed":[137],"live":[138,162],"events":[139],"amateur":[141],"content.":[142],"Meanwhile,":[143],"usually":[147],"more":[149,153],"bridged":[152],"formats:":[155],"from":[156],"professionalized":[157],"scripted":[159],"content":[160],"event":[163],"footage":[164],"unscripted":[166],"monologues":[167],"camera.":[170],"Therefore,":[171],"our":[172],"suggests":[174],"activism":[177,204],"spaces":[180],"easily":[186],"defined,":[187],"but":[188,205],"adapted":[190],"suit":[192],"movement":[193],"needs-which":[194],"makes":[195],"popular":[199],"flexible":[201],"venue":[202],"also":[206],"highlights":[207],"challenges":[209],"scholars":[211],"studying":[212],"venues.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-23T23:11:35.936235","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}