{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2050686491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0239","title":"Comparing Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy to Present-Centered Therapy with 11 U.S. Vietnam Veterans with PTSD","display_name":"Comparing Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy to Present-Centered Therapy with 11 U.S. Vietnam Veterans with PTSD","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2050686491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0239","mag":"2050686491","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528293"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1089/cyber.2009.0239","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118036144","display_name":"Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking","issn_l":"2152-2715","issn":["2152-2715","2152-2723"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036558076","display_name":"David J. Ready","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David J. Ready","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia","Mental Health Service Line, VA Medical Center\u2013Atlanta, Decatur, Georgia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mental Health Service Line, VA Medical Center\u2013Atlanta, Decatur, Georgia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017102924","display_name":"Robert J. Gerardi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert J. Gerardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mental Health Service Line, VA Medical Center\u2013Atlanta, Decatur, Georgia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mental Health Service Line, VA Medical Center\u2013Atlanta, Decatur, Georgia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037184145","display_name":"Andrea Burridge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7502-0047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea G. Backscheider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031160780","display_name":"Nathan Mascaro","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Mascaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mental Health Service Line, VA Medical Center\u2013Atlanta, Decatur, Georgia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mental Health Service Line, VA Medical Center\u2013Atlanta, Decatur, Georgia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045325624","display_name":"Barbara O. Rothbaum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8793-7124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara Olasov Rothbaum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036558076"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9528,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":99,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95730648,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"49","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11761","display_name":"Resilience and Mental Health","score":0.9635000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exposure-therapy","display_name":"Exposure therapy","score":0.7184184789657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality-exposure-therapy","display_name":"Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy","score":0.6751545667648315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posttraumatic-stress","display_name":"Posttraumatic stress","score":0.6178959608078003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vietnam-war","display_name":"Vietnam War","score":0.5093594789505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-psychology","display_name":"Clinical psychology","score":0.4710307717323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4458509087562561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dropout","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","score":0.42585283517837524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.39650100469589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.355762243270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"Anxiety","score":0.1773964762687683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778251122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446198","display_name":"Exposure therapy","level":3,"score":0.7184184789657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910959060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3527308","display_name":"Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy","level":3,"score":0.6751545667648315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991847609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202387","display_name":"Posttraumatic stress","level":2,"score":0.6178959608078003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54589662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8740","display_name":"Vietnam War","level":2,"score":0.5093594789505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4710307717323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4458509087562561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339462","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","level":2,"score":0.42585283517837524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.39650100469589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.355762243270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.1773964762687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003130","descriptor_name":"Combat Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003130","descriptor_name":"Combat Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003130","descriptor_name":"Combat Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003130","descriptor_name":"Combat Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003130","descriptor_name":"Combat Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003130","descriptor_name":"Combat Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007171","descriptor_name":"Implosive Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007171","descriptor_name":"Implosive Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007171","descriptor_name":"Implosive Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014728","descriptor_name":"Veterans","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014728","descriptor_name":"Veterans","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014728","descriptor_name":"Veterans","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D047829","descriptor_name":"Vietnam Conflict","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D047829","descriptor_name":"Vietnam Conflict","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D047829","descriptor_name":"Vietnam Conflict","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1089/cyber.2009.0239","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118036144","display_name":"Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking","issn_l":"2152-2715","issn":["2152-2715","2152-2723"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20528293","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20528293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971679","https://openalex.org/W4277775","https://openalex.org/W146701784","https://openalex.org/W195355217","https://openalex.org/W612003795","https://openalex.org/W647503853","https://openalex.org/W1987662771","https://openalex.org/W1992992057","https://openalex.org/W1994792380","https://openalex.org/W2002284360","https://openalex.org/W2036973513","https://openalex.org/W2046653695","https://openalex.org/W2066845594","https://openalex.org/W2067495470","https://openalex.org/W2069558734","https://openalex.org/W2080509533","https://openalex.org/W2084139790","https://openalex.org/W2085573336","https://openalex.org/W2088430650","https://openalex.org/W2117071555","https://openalex.org/W2134381563","https://openalex.org/W2148997797","https://openalex.org/W2152676810","https://openalex.org/W2163787046","https://openalex.org/W2211339250","https://openalex.org/W2611114026","https://openalex.org/W3080257744","https://openalex.org/W4238188053","https://openalex.org/W4254771578","https://openalex.org/W4254773257"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2982018629","https://openalex.org/W3036093243","https://openalex.org/W2024151148","https://openalex.org/W1988274709","https://openalex.org/W2182786486","https://openalex.org/W3181516785","https://openalex.org/W1981564320","https://openalex.org/W2155246322","https://openalex.org/W4246763443","https://openalex.org/W4238991812"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Eleven":[0],"Vietnam":[1,26],"veterans":[2,130],"with":[3,63,128,131],"war-related":[4],"posttraumatic":[5],"stress":[6],"disorder":[7],"(PTSD)":[8],"were":[9,42,113],"randomly":[10],"assigned":[11],"to":[12,56,76],"10":[13],"sessions":[14],"of":[15,81,103,126],"either":[16],"virtual":[17,25],"reality":[18],"exposure":[19],"(VRE)":[20],"therapy":[21,30],"within":[22,120],"a":[23,38,94],"computer-generated":[24],"environment":[27],"or":[28],"present-centered":[29],"(PCT)":[31],"that":[32],"avoided":[33],"traumatic":[34],"content":[35],"and":[36,47,90,116],"utilized":[37],"problem-solving":[39],"approach.":[40],"Participants":[41],"assessed":[43],"at":[44,105],"pretreatment,":[45],"posttreatment,":[46,108],"6":[48,106],"months":[49,107],"posttreatment":[50],"by":[51],"an":[52],"independent":[53],"assessor":[54],"blind":[55],"treatment":[57,62],"condition.":[58,67,123],"Nine":[59],"participants":[60],"completed":[61],"one":[64],"dropout":[65],"per":[66],"No":[68],"significant":[69],"differences":[70],"emerged":[71],"between":[72],"treatments,":[73],"likely":[74],"due":[75],"insufficient":[77],"power.":[78],"Although":[79],"comparison":[80],"mean":[82],"changes":[83,109],"in":[84,101,110],"PTSD":[85,111,132],"symptoms":[86],"for":[87],"the":[88,121],"VRE":[89,104,122,127],"PCT":[91],"conditions":[92],"yielded":[93],"moderate":[95],"effect":[96],"size":[97],"(d":[98],"=":[99],"0.56)":[100],"favor":[102],"scores":[112],"more":[114],"variable,":[115],"therefore":[117],"less":[118],"reliable,":[119],"The":[124],"utility":[125],"older":[129],"is":[133],"discussed.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-12-23T23:11:35.936235","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}