{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2178612271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/109493102760147187","title":"Ethical Codes and Values in a Virtual World","display_name":"Ethical Codes and Values in a Virtual World","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2178612271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/109493102760147187","mag":"2178612271","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12123241"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1089/109493102760147187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/109493102760147187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196129","display_name":"CyberPsychology & Behavior","issn_l":"1094-9313","issn":["1094-9313","1557-8364"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CyberPsychology & Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048525646","display_name":"Marcus F. Kuntze","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcus F. Kuntze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040839727","display_name":"Robert Stoermer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Stoermer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011423709","display_name":"Franz Mueller-Spahn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franz Mueller-Spahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112036609","display_name":"Alex H. Bullinger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex H. Bullinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4368,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73331908,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"203","last_page":"206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10214","display_name":"Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10214","display_name":"Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11295","display_name":"Counseling Practices and Supervision","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12245","display_name":"Counseling, Therapy, and Family Dynamics","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-code","display_name":"Ethical code","score":0.6313501596450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.5828548669815063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.5780127644538879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.5678219199180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5129937529563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpersonal-communication","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","score":0.4930252730846405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaphysics","display_name":"Metaphysics","score":0.47014644742012024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.45973432064056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-ethics","display_name":"Information ethics","score":0.4296249747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.32638925313949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.323893666267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.26625388860702515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.23514989018440247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18349343538284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.1366361379623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0978308618068695}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128268270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2264133","display_name":"Ethical code","level":2,"score":0.6313501596450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5828548669815063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.5780127644538879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5678219199180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5129937529563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.4930252730846405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182744844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35277","display_name":"Metaphysics","level":2,"score":0.47014644742012024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.45973432064056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93474598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662553","display_name":"Information ethics","level":2,"score":0.4296249747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.32638925313949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.323893666267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26625388860702515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.23514989018440247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18349343538284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1366361379623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0978308618068695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001675","descriptor_name":"Bioethics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001675","descriptor_name":"Bioethics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001675","descriptor_name":"Bioethics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011613","descriptor_name":"Psychotherapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011613","descriptor_name":"Psychotherapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011613","descriptor_name":"Psychotherapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013557","descriptor_name":"Switzerland","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013557","descriptor_name":"Switzerland","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013557","descriptor_name":"Switzerland","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013813","descriptor_name":"Therapy, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013813","descriptor_name":"Therapy, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013813","descriptor_name":"Therapy, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D032781","descriptor_name":"Codes of Ethics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D032781","descriptor_name":"Codes of Ethics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D032781","descriptor_name":"Codes of Ethics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1089/109493102760147187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/109493102760147187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196129","display_name":"CyberPsychology & Behavior","issn_l":"1094-9313","issn":["1094-9313","1557-8364"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CyberPsychology & Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12123241","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12123241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cyberpsychology & behavior : the impact of the Internet, multimedia and virtual reality on behavior and society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/1010019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/1010019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:246966","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542073546","https://openalex.org/W1597835403","https://openalex.org/W1772286420","https://openalex.org/W2003462939","https://openalex.org/W2297548743","https://openalex.org/W2336464453","https://openalex.org/W2415371514","https://openalex.org/W2506633487","https://openalex.org/W2798635258","https://openalex.org/W2954315762","https://openalex.org/W3080738154","https://openalex.org/W3151821358","https://openalex.org/W4242789190","https://openalex.org/W4383905229"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2332914264","https://openalex.org/W1993765296","https://openalex.org/W2571839160","https://openalex.org/W17659928","https://openalex.org/W1973274394","https://openalex.org/W2253395674","https://openalex.org/W4321481969","https://openalex.org/W2092544336","https://openalex.org/W66796780","https://openalex.org/W198727381"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Some":[0],"members":[1],"of":[2,23,62,87,104,131],"the":[3,12,80],"so-called":[4],"virtual":[5,13,141,150],"world":[6,142,151],"deny":[7],"that":[8,30,64],"technology":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11,156],"environment":[14],"(VE)":[15],"is":[16,117],"value-laden.":[17],"But":[18],"there":[19],"are":[20,65],"a":[21,85,140,157],"variety":[22],"complex":[24],"issues":[25,108],"which":[26],"arise":[27],"in":[28,40,45,95,109,139,148,153],"VE":[29,41,44,57,110,115],"make":[31],"it":[32],"necessary":[33],"to":[34,53,67,119,144],"think":[35],"about":[36],"ethics":[37,94,126],"and":[38,47,72,106,124,127,137,152],"values":[39,138],"applications.":[42],"Using":[43],"therapy":[46],"psychotherapy":[48],"research":[49],"or":[50],"diagnostics":[51],"leads":[52],"several":[54],"ethical":[55,92,135],"concerns.":[56],"can":[58],"impoverish":[59],"those":[60],"aspects":[61],"life":[63],"essential":[66],"social":[68],"development,":[69],"interpersonal":[70],"relations,":[71],"emotional":[73],"growth.":[74],"This":[75],"paper":[76],"will":[77,98,111],"focus":[78],"on":[79],"concept":[81],"called":[82],"\"virtual":[83],"world,\"":[84],"question":[86],"metaphysics.":[88],"After":[89],"reviewing":[90],"general":[91],"principles,":[93],"applied":[96],"sciences":[97],"be":[99,112,145],"described.":[100],"Ethical":[101],"decision-making,":[102],"code":[103],"conduct,":[105],"specific":[107],"discussed.":[113],"The":[114],"community":[116],"challenged":[118],"set":[120,130],"guidelines":[121],"around":[122,134],"VE,":[123],"its":[125],"values.":[128],"A":[129],"measurement":[132],"tools":[133],"codes":[136],"ought":[143],"discursively":[146],"gained":[147],"this":[149],"real":[154],"society":[155],"whole.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-01-17T23:10:49.606395","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}