{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2063639254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/106652703322539024","title":"Duplication Models for Biological Networks","display_name":"Duplication Models for Biological Networks","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2063639254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/106652703322539024","mag":"2063639254","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14633392"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1089/106652703322539024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/106652703322539024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78571599","display_name":"Journal of Computational Biology","issn_l":"1066-5277","issn":["1066-5277","1557-8666"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113657664","display_name":"Fan Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6553-7402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093","Department of Mathematics,University of California at San Diego,La Jolla,CA 92093,USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics,University of California at San Diego,La Jolla,CA 92093,USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036596371","display_name":"Linyuan L\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0155-2002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linyuan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037079000","display_name":"T. Gregory Dewey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90708416","display_name":"Keck Graduate Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00f4jdp82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90708416"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Gregory Dewey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, CA 91711"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, CA 91711","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90708416"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055985023","display_name":"David J. Galas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8248-8617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90708416","display_name":"Keck Graduate Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00f4jdp82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90708416"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J. Galas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, CA 91711","KECK GRADUATE INSTITUTE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, CA 91711","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90708416"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KECK GRADUATE INSTITUTE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90708416"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7343,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":336,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98923824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5","first_page":"677","last_page":"687"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10621","display_name":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","score":0.982200026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-network","display_name":"Biological network","score":0.7989144325256348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-duplication","display_name":"Gene duplication","score":0.6649887561798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponent","display_name":"Exponent","score":0.6094638109207153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-network","display_name":"Complex network","score":0.546563982963562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preferential-attachment","display_name":"Preferential attachment","score":0.5424055457115173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5176159143447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-law","display_name":"Power law","score":0.5056207180023193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4595318138599396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4214857816696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.40823274850845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3723612129688263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.2354108989238739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.197130024433136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1726512610912323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16076692938804626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.12072935700416565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.10258036851882935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28225019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915005","display_name":"Biological network","level":2,"score":0.7989144325256348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7602840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746284","display_name":"Gene duplication","level":3,"score":0.6649887561798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780388253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421508","display_name":"Exponent","level":2,"score":0.6094638109207153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.546563982963562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780600066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239828","display_name":"Preferential attachment","level":3,"score":0.5424055457115173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5176159143447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87040749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428971","display_name":"Power law","level":2,"score":0.5056207180023193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4595318138599396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4214857816696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.40823274850845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3723612129688263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.2354108989238739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.197130024433136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1726512610912323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16076692938804626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.12072935700416565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.10258036851882935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1089/106652703322539024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/106652703322539024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78571599","display_name":"Journal of Computational Biology","issn_l":"1066-5277","issn":["1066-5277","1557-8666"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:14633392","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14633392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of computational biology : a journal of computational molecular cell biology","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.85.7061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.85.7061","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.math.sc.edu/~lu/papers/bio-papers.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.90.8093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.90.8093","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.math.ucsd.edu/~fan/wp/bio.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W566768759","https://openalex.org/W1623155147","https://openalex.org/W1641544182","https://openalex.org/W1967440046","https://openalex.org/W1980041175","https://openalex.org/W1983202741","https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2024172842","https://openalex.org/W2032516423","https://openalex.org/W2065304353","https://openalex.org/W2077177797","https://openalex.org/W2080540350","https://openalex.org/W2080882866","https://openalex.org/W2083175878","https://openalex.org/W2088048878","https://openalex.org/W2095387858","https://openalex.org/W2096613784","https://openalex.org/W2097147952","https://openalex.org/W2103717646","https://openalex.org/W2113958081","https://openalex.org/W2117495845","https://openalex.org/W2121492804","https://openalex.org/W2121821841","https://openalex.org/W2124637492","https://openalex.org/W2127230663","https://openalex.org/W2129620481","https://openalex.org/W2135123683","https://openalex.org/W2140827816","https://openalex.org/W2144885342","https://openalex.org/W2152554255","https://openalex.org/W2157785110","https://openalex.org/W2164727176","https://openalex.org/W2167680767","https://openalex.org/W2167869241","https://openalex.org/W2168909179","https://openalex.org/W2769133055","https://openalex.org/W2921811239","https://openalex.org/W3103786587"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088554646","https://openalex.org/W2070704205","https://openalex.org/W2067576303","https://openalex.org/W2944759572","https://openalex.org/W2353485001","https://openalex.org/W3102058415","https://openalex.org/W4289811885","https://openalex.org/W2360586622","https://openalex.org/W4252655301","https://openalex.org/W2243159291"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Are":[0],"biological":[1,11,53,176],"networks":[2,14,54,58,78,90],"different":[3,33,66],"from":[4,67],"other":[5],"large":[6,10,182],"complex":[7],"networks?":[8],"Both":[9,137],"and":[12,59,63,119,131],"nonbiological":[13,77,89],"exhibit":[15],"power-law":[16,97,164,179],"graphs":[17,93,98,114,165,183],"(number":[18],"of":[19,40,75,113,127,134,140],"nodes":[20,141],"with":[21,99,166,172],"degree":[22],"k,":[23],"N(k)":[24],"approximately":[25],"k(-beta)),":[26],"yet":[27],"the":[28,41,44,68,73,81,111,125,128,132,135,187,192],"exponents,":[29],"beta,":[30],"fall":[31],"into":[32],"ranges.":[34],"This":[35],"may":[36],"be":[37],"because":[38],"duplication":[39,117,139,150,161],"information":[42],"in":[43,51],"genome":[45],"is":[46,64],"a":[47],"dominant":[48],"evolutionary":[49],"force":[50],"shaping":[52],"(like":[55],"gene":[56],"regulatory":[57],"protein-protein":[60],"interaction":[61],"networks)":[62],"fundamentally":[65],"mechanisms":[69],"thought":[70],"to":[71,109],"dominate":[72],"growth":[74,188],"most":[76],"(such":[79],"as":[80,146,148],"Internet).":[82],"The":[83,178],"preferential":[84],"choice":[85],"models":[86],"used":[87],"for":[88,181],"like":[91],"web":[92],"can":[94,162],"only":[95,152,185],"produce":[96,163],"exponents":[100,167],"greater":[101],"than":[102,169],"2.":[103],"We":[104,157],"use":[105],"combinatorial":[106],"probabilistic":[107],"methods":[108],"examine":[110],"evolution":[112],"by":[115],"node":[116],"processes":[118],"derive":[120],"exact":[121],"analytical":[122],"relationships":[123],"between":[124],"exponent":[126,180],"power":[129],"law":[130],"parameters":[133],"model.":[136],"full":[138],"(with":[142,151],"all":[143],"their":[144],"connections)":[145,154],"well":[147],"partial":[149,160],"some":[153],"are":[155],"analyzed.":[156],"demonstrate":[158],"that":[159],"less":[168],"2,":[170],"consistent":[171],"current":[173],"data":[174],"on":[175,186,191],"networks.":[177],"depends":[184],"process,":[189],"not":[190],"starting":[193],"graph.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":23}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
