{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403973699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ad8df8","title":"Photonic-electronic spiking neuron with multi-modal and multi-wavelength excitatory and inhibitory operation for high-speed neuromorphic sensing and computing","display_name":"Photonic-electronic spiking neuron with multi-modal and multi-wavelength excitatory and inhibitory operation for high-speed neuromorphic sensing and computing","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403973699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ad8df8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2634-4386/ad8df8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ad8df8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212933","display_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","issn_l":"2634-4386","issn":["2634-4386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ad8df8","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100608969","display_name":"Weikang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7797-8734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weikang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Photonics, SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Photonics, SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055959931","display_name":"Mat\u00e9j Hejda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4493-9426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mat\u011bj Hejda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Photonics, SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Photonics, SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036567766","display_name":"Qusay Raghib Ali Al-Taai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5741-0527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qusay Raghib Ali Al-Taai","raw_affiliation_strings":["High Frequency Electronics Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Frequency Electronics Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081388468","display_name":"Dafydd Owen-Newns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6592-8465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dafydd Owen-Newns","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Photonics, SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Photonics, SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020232775","display_name":"Bruno Romeira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1485-6665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141319","display_name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04dv3aq25","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141319"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Romeira","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Iberian Nanotechnology Lab., Ultrafast Bio- and Nanophotonics Group, Braga, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Lab., Ultrafast Bio- and Nanophotonics Group, Braga, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001892088","display_name":"J. M. L. Figueiredo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5668-7073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 M L Figueiredo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centra-Ci\u00eancias and Department de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centra-Ci\u00eancias and Department de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023043106","display_name":"Joshua Robertson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6316-5265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Robertson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Photonics, SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Photonics, SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034611953","display_name":"Edward Wasige","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5014-342X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Wasige","raw_affiliation_strings":["High Frequency Electronics Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Frequency Electronics Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033264635","display_name":"Antonio Hurtado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4448-9034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Hurtado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Photonics, SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Photonics, SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100608969"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2453},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2453},"fwci":1.3627,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84677835,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"044006","last_page":"044006"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12236","display_name":"Photoreceptor and optogenetics research","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.908591628074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonics","display_name":"Photonics","score":0.6452209949493408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.6245728731155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.57107013463974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodetection","display_name":"Photodetection","score":0.557676374912262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.4801613688468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.43966934084892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.37395307421684265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3551722764968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodetector","display_name":"Photodetector","score":0.2747202515602112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.24441811442375183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17794767022132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16443678736686707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13513004779815674}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.908591628074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.6452209949493408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.6245728731155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.57107013463974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85604662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187735","display_name":"Photodetection","level":3,"score":0.557676374912262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.4801613688468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.43966934084892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.37395307421684265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3551722764968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23125352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210765","display_name":"Photodetector","level":2,"score":0.2747202515602112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.24441811442375183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17794767022132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16443678736686707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13513004779815674}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/2634-4386/ad8df8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ad8df8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212933","display_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","issn_l":"2634-4386","issn":["2634-4386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:340616","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/50422.html>","pdf_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/340616/2/340616.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4f126e41e01042a8a6af12fd1d3c7ad4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4f126e41e01042a8a6af12fd1d3c7ad4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering, Vol 4, Iss 4, p 044006 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2634-4386/ad8df8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ad8df8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212933","display_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","issn_l":"2634-4386","issn":["2634-4386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2470145746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"828841-ChipAI-H2020-FETOPEN-2018-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2675903750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-FETOPEN-2018-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3042252121","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82884","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3177760083","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FETOPEN-2018-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G367959941","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"828841","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4002009268","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V025198/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4094723773","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-FETOPEN-2018-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4828499876","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V025198/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4937468798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5819442625","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"828841","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051717526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8578273656","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FETOPEN","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8939647064","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V025198/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975398991","https://openalex.org/W1985940938","https://openalex.org/W2014856829","https://openalex.org/W2019959154","https://openalex.org/W2021379807","https://openalex.org/W2043261541","https://openalex.org/W2076184423","https://openalex.org/W2103179919","https://openalex.org/W2107994122","https://openalex.org/W2129610161","https://openalex.org/W2142940288","https://openalex.org/W2163273201","https://openalex.org/W2334364695","https://openalex.org/W2389556795","https://openalex.org/W2506297452","https://openalex.org/W2523090265","https://openalex.org/W2890412128","https://openalex.org/W2901017430","https://openalex.org/W2947553825","https://openalex.org/W2961408049","https://openalex.org/W2962030076","https://openalex.org/W2962811827","https://openalex.org/W3003967059","https://openalex.org/W3095541025","https://openalex.org/W3096230432","https://openalex.org/W3103448394","https://openalex.org/W3105385913","https://openalex.org/W3120165331","https://openalex.org/W3128451613","https://openalex.org/W3134295666","https://openalex.org/W4206609022","https://openalex.org/W4214558720","https://openalex.org/W4220734195","https://openalex.org/W4224315400","https://openalex.org/W4307642784","https://openalex.org/W4309222921","https://openalex.org/W4311700758","https://openalex.org/W4313894114","https://openalex.org/W4386352504"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3089892344","https://openalex.org/W2960220682","https://openalex.org/W4313442939","https://openalex.org/W4386227293","https://openalex.org/W4372267706","https://openalex.org/W2885510266","https://openalex.org/W4288055417","https://openalex.org/W4287758233","https://openalex.org/W3136467750","https://openalex.org/W2899962890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1,90],"report":[2],"a":[3,34,199],"multi-modal":[4,217],"spiking":[5,98,144,153,210,213],"neuron":[6,30,100],"that":[7],"allows":[8],"optical":[9,75,110,174],"and":[10,13,15,25,65,74,84,122,142,161,168,173,193,212,218,223,234,246,250,253],"electronic":[11],"input":[12,175],"control,":[14],"wavelength-multiplexing":[16],"operation,":[17],"for":[18,203,221,242],"use":[19],"in":[20,179,185],"novel":[21],"high-speed":[22],"neuromorphic":[23,81,248],"sensing":[24,222,249],"computing":[26,251],"functionalities.":[27],"The":[28],"photonic-electronic":[29,135,209],"is":[31],"built":[32],"with":[33,41,155],"micro-scale,":[35],"nanostructure":[36],"resonant":[37],"tunnelling":[38],"diode":[39],"(RTD)":[40],"photodetection":[42],"(PD)":[43],"capability.":[44],"Leveraging":[45],"the":[46,66,93,104,120,131,186,190,194,204,240],"advantageous":[47],"intrinsic":[48],"properties":[49],"of":[50,95,107,133,151,189,206],"this":[51,96],"RTD-PD":[52,97],"system,":[53],"namely":[54],"highly":[55,200],"nonlinear":[56],"characteristics,":[57],"photo-sensitivity,":[58],"light-induced":[59],"I":[60],"\u2013":[61],"V":[62],"curve":[63],"shift,":[64],"ability":[67,94],"to":[68,101,113,137,181],"deliver":[69],"excitable":[70],"responses":[71],"under":[72,103],"electrical":[73,172],"inputs,":[76],"we":[77],"successfully":[78],"achieve":[79],"flexible":[80],"spike":[82],"activation":[83],"inhibition":[85],"regimes":[86,158],"through":[87],"photonic-electrical":[88],"control.":[89],"also":[91,228],"demonstrate":[92],"sensing-processing":[99],"operate":[102],"simultaneous":[105],"arrival":[106],"multiple":[108,139],"wavelength-multiplexed":[109],"signals,":[111],"due":[112],"its":[114],"large":[115],"PD":[116],"spectral":[117],"window":[118],"(covering":[119],"1310":[121],"1550":[123],"nm":[124],"telecom":[125],"wavelength":[126],"bands).":[127],"Our":[128],"results":[129],"highlight":[130],"potential":[132],"RTD":[134],"neurons":[136,188,211],"reproduce":[138],"key":[140],"excitatory":[141],"inhibitory":[143],"regimes,":[145],"at":[146],"high":[147],"speed":[148],"(10":[149],"s":[150],"ns-rate":[152],"responses,":[154],"faster":[156],"sub-ns":[157],"theoretically":[159],"predicted)":[160],"low":[162],"energy":[163],"(requiring":[164],"only":[165],"\u223c10":[166],"mV":[167],"\u223c150":[169],"\u00b5":[170],"W,":[171],"amplitudes,":[176],"respectively),":[177],"similar":[178],"nature":[180],"those":[182],"commonly":[183],"found":[184],"biological":[187],"visual":[191],"system":[192,231],"brain.":[195],"This":[196,236],"work":[197,237],"offers":[198],"promising":[201],"approach":[202],"realisation":[205],"high-speed,":[207,244],"energy-efficient":[208],"neural":[214],"networks,":[215],"enabling":[216],"multi-wavelength":[219],"operation":[220],"information":[224],"processing":[225],"tasks,":[226],"whilst":[227],"yielding":[229],"enhanced":[230],"capacity,":[232],"performance":[233],"parallelism.":[235],"therefore":[238],"paves":[239],"way":[241],"innovative":[243],"photonic-electronic,":[245],"spike-based":[247],"systems":[252],"artificial":[254],"intelligence":[255],"hardware.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
