{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400937214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ad6732","title":"Difficulties and approaches in enabling learning-in-memory using crossbar arrays of memristors","display_name":"Difficulties and approaches in enabling learning-in-memory using crossbar arrays of memristors","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400937214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ad6732"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2634-4386/ad6732","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ad6732","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/ad6732/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212933","display_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","issn_l":"2634-4386","issn":["2634-4386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/ad6732/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100664972","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7206-8659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, People\u2019s Republic of China","Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7206-8659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100421388","display_name":"Yang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9820-0016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, People\u2019s Republic of China","Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9820-0016","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100432583","display_name":"Ming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0976-9871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People\u2019s Republic of China","Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100432583","https://openalex.org/A5100664972"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4210136793"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2453},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2453},"fwci":0.589,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66643192,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"3","first_page":"032002","last_page":"032002"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossbar-switch","display_name":"Crossbar switch","score":0.9105526208877563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memristor","display_name":"Memristor","score":0.906770646572113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memistor","display_name":"Memistor","score":0.5891276001930237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.547092616558075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.5429221987724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","score":0.48153597116470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.1968829333782196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16871485114097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14079302549362183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09787523746490479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.05278217792510986}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29984679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929149","display_name":"Crossbar switch","level":2,"score":0.9105526208877563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150072547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212923","display_name":"Memristor","level":2,"score":0.906770646572113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1895703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034938","display_name":"Memistor","level":4,"score":0.5891276001930237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.547092616558075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.5429221987724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182019814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143830","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.48153597116470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.1968829333782196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16871485114097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14079302549362183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09787523746490479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.05278217792510986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/2634-4386/ad6732","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ad6732","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/ad6732/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212933","display_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","issn_l":"2634-4386","issn":["2634-4386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b7b38bce9a2f4ffbaf696a0a5d3b3148","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b7b38bce9a2f4ffbaf696a0a5d3b3148","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering, Vol 4, Iss 3, p 032002 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2634-4386/ad6732","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ad6732","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/ad6732/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212933","display_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","issn_l":"2634-4386","issn":["2634-4386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6521440722","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PCL2023A03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318558","funder_display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318558","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400937214.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400937214.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542981317","https://openalex.org/W1937359183","https://openalex.org/W1964288235","https://openalex.org/W1970117475","https://openalex.org/W2048266589","https://openalex.org/W2091777687","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2155954834","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2242525806","https://openalex.org/W2292257019","https://openalex.org/W2307193480","https://openalex.org/W2552737632","https://openalex.org/W2554279936","https://openalex.org/W2613205562","https://openalex.org/W2613989746","https://openalex.org/W2743575928","https://openalex.org/W2766447205","https://openalex.org/W2787759178","https://openalex.org/W2802722247","https://openalex.org/W2803163155","https://openalex.org/W2805362231","https://openalex.org/W2806177657","https://openalex.org/W2807750997","https://openalex.org/W2902907165","https://openalex.org/W2914410297","https://openalex.org/W2923010225","https://openalex.org/W2942077180","https://openalex.org/W2948661249","https://openalex.org/W2960778947","https://openalex.org/W2963387357","https://openalex.org/W2967433097","https://openalex.org/W2970608956","https://openalex.org/W2972686555","https://openalex.org/W2992817139","https://openalex.org/W3003821665","https://openalex.org/W3005874416","https://openalex.org/W3008608336","https://openalex.org/W3015655039","https://openalex.org/W3015982917","https://openalex.org/W3016391357","https://openalex.org/W3025017204","https://openalex.org/W3099743262","https://openalex.org/W3101272433","https://openalex.org/W3104804488","https://openalex.org/W3112668161","https://openalex.org/W3137147200","https://openalex.org/W3170974475","https://openalex.org/W3176606713","https://openalex.org/W3198877855","https://openalex.org/W3217269745","https://openalex.org/W4214557309","https://openalex.org/W4223904523","https://openalex.org/W4225278450","https://openalex.org/W4229011889","https://openalex.org/W4287118909","https://openalex.org/W4288068957","https://openalex.org/W4292121737","https://openalex.org/W4307927141","https://openalex.org/W4313430026","https://openalex.org/W4386293192","https://openalex.org/W4386736788","https://openalex.org/W4387343142","https://openalex.org/W4388616214","https://openalex.org/W6791940793","https://openalex.org/W6796246584","https://openalex.org/W6796815506"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2171130799","https://openalex.org/W3173413269","https://openalex.org/W1568378063","https://openalex.org/W2015477599","https://openalex.org/W3164474614","https://openalex.org/W4253441086","https://openalex.org/W2548135880","https://openalex.org/W2516929886","https://openalex.org/W3177379469","https://openalex.org/W2005875039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Crossbar":[1],"arrays":[2],"of":[3,24,47,111,115,121,168,182],"memristors":[4,117],"are":[5,29,72,151],"promising":[6],"to":[7,153],"accelerate":[8],"the":[9,18,22,25,33,44,53,59,109,116,119,122,131,137,166,179],"deep":[10,48],"learning":[11,90,149],"algorithm":[12],"as":[13,184],"a":[14,78],"non-von-Neumann":[15],"architecture,":[16,84],"where":[17],"computation":[19],"happens":[20],"at":[21],"location":[23],"memory.":[26],"The":[27],"computations":[28],"parallelly":[30],"conducted":[31],"employing":[32],"basic":[34],"physical":[35],"laws.":[36],"However,":[37],"current":[38],"research":[39],"works":[40],"mainly":[41],"focus":[42],"on":[43],"offline":[45],"training":[46,146],"neural":[49,123],"networks,":[50],"i.e.":[51,66],"only":[52],"information":[54],"forwarding":[55],"is":[56],"accelerated":[57],"by":[58,77],"crossbar":[60,126],"array.":[61],"Two":[62],"other":[63],"essential":[64],"operations,":[65],"error":[67,93,138],"backpropagation":[68,94,139],"and":[69,75,101,118,133,140,155,176],"weight":[70,96,141],"update,":[71],"mostly":[73],"simulated":[74],"coordinated":[76],"conventional":[79],"computer":[80],"in":[81,88,135],"von":[82],"Neumann":[83],"respectively.":[85],"Several":[86],"different":[87],"situ":[89],"schemes":[91],"incorporating":[92],"and/or":[95],"updates":[97],"have":[98],"been":[99],"proposed":[100],"investigated":[102],"through":[103],"neuromorphic":[104,170],"simulation.":[105],"Nevertheless,":[106],"they":[107],"met":[108],"issues":[110],"non-ideal":[112,156],"synaptic":[113],"behaviors":[114],"complexities":[120],"circuits":[124],"surrounding":[125],"arrays.":[127],"Here":[128],"we":[129],"review":[130],"difficulties":[132],"approaches":[134],"implementing":[136],"update":[142],"operations":[143],"for":[144,165,173,178],"online":[145],"or":[147],"in-memory":[148],"that":[150],"adapted":[152],"noisy":[154],"memristors.":[157],"We":[158],"hope":[159],"this":[160],"work":[161],"will":[162],"be":[163],"beneficial":[164],"development":[167],"open":[169],"simulation":[171],"tools":[172],"learning-in-memory":[174],"systems,":[175],"eventually":[177],"hardware":[180],"implementation":[181],"such":[183],"system.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}