{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392281408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ad2ec3","title":"Gradient-descent hardware-aware training and deployment for mixed-signal neuromorphic processors","display_name":"Gradient-descent hardware-aware training and deployment for mixed-signal neuromorphic processors","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392281408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ad2ec3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2634-4386/ad2ec3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ad2ec3","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/ad2ec3/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212933","display_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","issn_l":"2634-4386","issn":["2634-4386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/ad2ec3/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114551757","display_name":"Ugurcan Cakal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1025-0903"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ugurcan Cakal","raw_affiliation_strings":["SynSense, Thurgauerstrasse 60, Zurich, 8050, SWITZERLAND"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1025-0903","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SynSense, Thurgauerstrasse 60, Zurich, 8050, SWITZERLAND","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007739642","display_name":"Maryada Maryada","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, ZH, 8057, SWITZERLAND"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9706-5989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, ZH, 8057, SWITZERLAND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059907429","display_name":"Chenxi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7828-2584"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenxi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["SynSense, Thurgauerstrasse 60, Z\u00fcrich, 8050, SWITZERLAND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SynSense, Thurgauerstrasse 60, Z\u00fcrich, 8050, SWITZERLAND","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084257611","display_name":"\u0130lkay Ulusoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201799495","display_name":"Middle East Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/014weej12","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilkay Ulusoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronics, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, ODTU EEMB, Ankara, 06800, TURKEY"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronics, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, ODTU EEMB, Ankara, 06800, TURKEY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030148184","display_name":"Dylan R. Muir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3856-826X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dylan Richard Muir","raw_affiliation_strings":["SynSense, Thurgauerstrasse 60, Z\u00fcrich, 8050, SWITZERLAND"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3856-826X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SynSense, Thurgauerstrasse 60, Z\u00fcrich, 8050, SWITZERLAND","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030148184"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2453},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2453},"fwci":1.7714,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84282025,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"014011","last_page":"014011"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.8301843404769897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.7929021120071411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6463688611984253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-descent","display_name":"Gradient descent","score":0.5426988005638123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.5213190913200378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.4791909456253052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4778032898902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.35593318939208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29703187942504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.21636009216308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.20142605900764465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11096084117889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06861823797225952}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.8301843404769897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7929021120071411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6463688611984253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.5426988005638123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.5213190913200378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4791909456253052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4778032898902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.35593318939208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29703187942504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.21636009216308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.20142605900764465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11096084117889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06861823797225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/2634-4386/ad2ec3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ad2ec3","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/ad2ec3/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212933","display_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","issn_l":"2634-4386","issn":["2634-4386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://open.metu.edu.tr:11511/109388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11511/109388","pdf_url":"https://open.metu.edu.tr/bitstream/handle/11511/109388/index.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402495","display_name":"OpenMETU (Middle East Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I201799495","host_organization_name":"Middle East Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c19bedbbb9af41258090422a0d11c475","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c19bedbbb9af41258090422a0d11c475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering, Vol 4, Iss 1, p 014011 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2634-4386/ad2ec3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ad2ec3","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/ad2ec3/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212933","display_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","issn_l":"2634-4386","issn":["2634-4386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4640792771","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"826655","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327207","funder_display_name":"Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4751366843","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"876925","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327207","funder_display_name":"Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6891322245","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101097300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319005","funder_display_name":"Key Digital Technologies Joint Undertaking"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309154","display_name":"Scientific Education and Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/029zvkg32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319005","display_name":"Key Digital Technologies Joint Undertaking","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327207","display_name":"Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327931","display_name":"Innosuisse - Schweizerische Agentur f\u00fcr Innovationsf\u00f6rderung","ror":"https://ror.org/05a2bhn71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335238","display_name":"Staatssekretariat f\u00fcr Bildung, Forschung und Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/01kw63t33"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392281408.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W2034602202","https://openalex.org/W2103179919","https://openalex.org/W2121917196","https://openalex.org/W2167697781","https://openalex.org/W2513853720","https://openalex.org/W2620474507","https://openalex.org/W2749476078","https://openalex.org/W2905985412","https://openalex.org/W2955596007","https://openalex.org/W2983115849","https://openalex.org/W2984844508","https://openalex.org/W2989683650","https://openalex.org/W3025773901","https://openalex.org/W3102087395","https://openalex.org/W3151328790","https://openalex.org/W3201870057","https://openalex.org/W3216581365","https://openalex.org/W4294012653","https://openalex.org/W4307577742","https://openalex.org/W4390777363","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6685007898","https://openalex.org/W6757289885","https://openalex.org/W6857745916"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2951049725","https://openalex.org/W4285308918","https://openalex.org/W2971712727","https://openalex.org/W4387459935","https://openalex.org/W3015991694","https://openalex.org/W2908450434","https://openalex.org/W3193008624","https://openalex.org/W4382561696","https://openalex.org/W2581119583","https://openalex.org/W2895519962"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Mixed-signal":[1],"neuromorphic":[2,70,156,160],"processors":[3,161],"provide":[4],"extremely":[5],"low-power":[6],"operation":[7],"for":[8,60,119,135,139,154],"edge":[9],"inference":[10],"workloads,":[11],"taking":[12],"advantage":[13],"of":[14,47,65,82,108,142],"sparse":[15],"asynchronous":[16],"computation":[17],"within":[18],"spiking":[19],"neural":[20],"networks":[21],"(SNNs).":[22],"However,":[23],"deploying":[24],"robust":[25],"applications":[26,121],"to":[27,51,67,78,93,105,164],"these":[28],"devices":[29],"is":[30],"complicated":[31],"by":[32],"limited":[33],"controllability":[34],"over":[35],"analog":[36,48],"hardware":[37,123],"parameters,":[38],"as":[39,41],"well":[40],"unintended":[42],"parameter":[43],"and":[44,63,110,125,151,166],"dynamical":[45],"variations":[46],"circuits":[49],"due":[50],"fabrication":[52],"non-idealities.":[53,126],"Here":[54],"we":[55],"demonstrate":[56],"a":[57,79,116],"novel":[58],"methodology":[59,74],"offline":[61],"training":[62,77,102],"deployment":[64,152],"SNNs":[66],"the":[68,83,95,106,114,149,155],"mixed-signal":[69,84,143,159],"processor":[71],"DYNAP-SE2.":[72],"Our":[73,146],"applies":[75],"gradient-based":[76],"differentiable":[80],"simulation":[81,141],"device,":[85],"coupled":[86],"with":[87,137],"an":[88,131],"unsupervised":[89],"weight":[90],"quantization":[91,109],"method":[92,115],"optimize":[94],"network\u2019s":[96],"parameters.":[97],"Parameter":[98],"noise":[99],"injection":[100],"during":[101],"provides":[103],"robustness":[104],"effects":[107],"device":[111],"mismatch,":[112],"making":[113,158],"promising":[117],"candidate":[118],"real-world":[120],"under":[122],"constraints":[124],"This":[127],"work":[128],"extends":[129],"Rockpool,":[130],"open-source":[132],"deep-learning":[133],"library":[134],"SNNs,":[136],"support":[138],"accurate":[140],"SNN":[144],"dynamics.":[145],"approach":[147],"simplifies":[148],"development":[150],"process":[153],"community,":[157],"more":[162],"accessible":[163],"researchers":[165],"developers.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2024-03-05T00:00:00"}