{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380987544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/acdf17","title":"Brain-inspired nanophotonic spike computing: challenges and prospects","display_name":"Brain-inspired nanophotonic spike computing: challenges and prospects","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380987544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/acdf17"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2634-4386/acdf17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/acdf17","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/acdf17/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212933","display_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","issn_l":"2634-4386","issn":["2634-4386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/acdf17/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020232775","display_name":"Bruno Romeira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1485-6665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141319","display_name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04dv3aq25","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141319"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Romeira","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre Jos\u00e9 Veiga s/n, Braga, 4715-330, PORTUGAL"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre Jos\u00e9 Veiga s/n, Braga, 4715-330, PORTUGAL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028794650","display_name":"Ricardo M. R. Ad\u00e3o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-3922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141319","display_name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04dv3aq25","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141319"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Ad\u00e3o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanophotonics, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre Jos\u00e9 Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, PORTUGAL"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanophotonics, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre Jos\u00e9 Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, PORTUGAL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038827692","display_name":"Jana B. Nieder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4973-1889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141319","display_name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04dv3aq25","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141319"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jana B Nieder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanophotonics, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre Jos\u00e9 Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, PORTUGAL"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanophotonics, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre Jos\u00e9 Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, PORTUGAL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036567766","display_name":"Qusay Raghib Ali Al-Taai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5741-0527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qusay Al-Taai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow, Rankine Buidling, Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, Rankine Buidling, Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100608969","display_name":"Weikang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7797-8734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weikang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow, Rankine Buidling, Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, Rankine Buidling, Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014201929","display_name":"Robert H. Hadfield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-4187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert H Hadfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Rankine Buidling, Oakfield Avenue, SCOTLAND, Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Rankine Buidling, Oakfield Avenue, SCOTLAND, Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034611953","display_name":"Edward Wasige","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5014-342X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Wasige","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow, Rankine Buidling, Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, Rankine Buidling, Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055959931","display_name":"Mat\u00e9j Hejda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4493-9426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mat\u011bj Hejda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Photonics, Dept. of Physics, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Photonics, Dept. of Physics, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033264635","display_name":"Antonio Hurtado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4448-9034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Hurtado","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028738725","display_name":"Ekaterina Malysheva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-2083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ekaterina Malysheva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Photonic Integration (IPI), Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, Noord-Brabant, 5600 MB, NETHERLANDS"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Photonic Integration (IPI), Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, Noord-Brabant, 5600 MB, NETHERLANDS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072530280","display_name":"Victor Dolores-Calzadilla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9774-1574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Dolores Calzadilla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, Noord-Brabant, 5600 MB, NETHERLANDS"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, Noord-Brabant, 5600 MB, NETHERLANDS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090925729","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Louren\u00e7o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8495-6442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Louren\u00e7o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centra-Ci\u00eancias and Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, , Universidade de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Lisboa, 1749-016, PORTUGAL"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centra-Ci\u00eancias and Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, , Universidade de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Lisboa, 1749-016, PORTUGAL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011234810","display_name":"D. Castro Alves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7026-2514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D Castro Alves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centra-Ci\u00eancias and Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, , Universidade de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Lisboa, 1749-016 , PORTUGAL"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centra-Ci\u00eancias and Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, , Universidade de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Lisboa, 1749-016 , PORTUGAL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001892088","display_name":"J. M. L. Figueiredo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5668-7073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 M L Figueiredo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Lisboa, 1749-016, PORTUGAL"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Lisboa, 1749-016, PORTUGAL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050440090","display_name":"Ignacio Ortega-Piwonka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7175-0285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50441567","display_name":"Universitat de les Illes Balears","ror":"https://ror.org/03e10x626","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50441567"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ignacio Ortega-Piwonka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, km. 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, 07122, SPAIN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, km. 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, 07122, SPAIN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50441567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018776588","display_name":"J. Javaloyes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9131-4483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50441567","display_name":"Universitat de les Illes Balears","ror":"https://ror.org/03e10x626","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50441567"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julien Javaloyes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, km. 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, 07122, SPAIN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, km. 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, 07122, SPAIN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50441567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111738637","display_name":"Stuart Edwards","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802464121","display_name":"IQE (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/03f4vp463","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802464121"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stuart Edwards","raw_affiliation_strings":["IQE Plc, CF3 0LW, Cardiff, Cardiff, CF3 0LW, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IQE Plc, CF3 0LW, Cardiff, Cardiff, CF3 0LW, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802464121"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010633829","display_name":"J. I. Davies","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1068-6344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802464121","display_name":"IQE (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/03f4vp463","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802464121"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Iwan Davies","raw_affiliation_strings":["IQE Plc, Pascal Close, Cypress Drive, St Mellons, CARDIFF CF3 0EG, Cardiff, Cardiff, CF3 0LW, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IQE Plc, Pascal Close, Cypress Drive, St Mellons, CARDIFF CF3 0EG, Cardiff, Cardiff, CF3 0LW, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802464121"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000069014","display_name":"Folkert Horst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6559-2076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Folkert Horst","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, 8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Zurich, Z\u00fcrich, 8803, SWITZERLAND"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, 8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Zurich, Z\u00fcrich, 8803, SWITZERLAND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000532047","display_name":"Bert Jan Offrein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-0068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bert J Offrein","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, 8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Zurich, Z\u00fcrich, 8803, SWITZERLAND"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, 8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Zurich, Z\u00fcrich, 8803, SWITZERLAND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":20,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020232775"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141319"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2453},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2453},"fwci":3.2696,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93490211,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"033001","last_page":"033001"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.9244601726531982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.7767149209976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7266965508460999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanophotonics","display_name":"Nanophotonics","score":0.6272069215774536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonics","display_name":"Photonics","score":0.5645184516906738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike","display_name":"Spike (software development)","score":0.47794535756111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3601125180721283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35940587520599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3499309718608856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.32938963174819946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.257168710231781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.1897135078907013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13550689816474915}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.9244601726531982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.7767149209976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7266965508460999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27289702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2475861","display_name":"Nanophotonics","level":2,"score":0.6272069215774536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.5645184516906738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781390188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25203449","display_name":"Spike (software development)","level":2,"score":0.47794535756111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3601125180721283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35940587520599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3499309718608856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.32938963174819946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.257168710231781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.1897135078907013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13550689816474915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/2634-4386/acdf17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/acdf17","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/acdf17/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212933","display_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","issn_l":"2634-4386","issn":["2634-4386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:openaire_cris_publications/85126ff2-074a-41d7-adae-9ed9c16fedc5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/85126ff2-074a-41d7-adae-9ed9c16fedc5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Romeira, B, Ad\u00e3o, R, Nieder, J B, Al-Taai, Q, Zhang, W, Hadfield, R H, Wasige, E, Hejda, M, Hurtado, A, Malysheva, E, Dolores Calzadilla, V, Louren\u00e7o, J, Castro Alves, D, Figueiredo, J M L, Ortega-Piwonka, I, Javaloyes, J, Edwards, S, Davies, J I, Horst, F & Offrein, B J 2023, 'Brain-inspired nanophotonic spike computing : challenges and prospects', Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering, vol. 3, no. 3, 033001. https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/acdf17","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eciencia.urjc.es:10115/39377","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10115/39377","pdf_url":"https://eciencia.urjc.es/bitstream/10115/39377/1/Brain-inspired%20nanophotonic%20spike%20computing.%20Challenges%20and%20prospects.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196484","display_name":"BURJC Digital (King Juan Carlos University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","host_organization_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:301081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/301081/1/301081.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:publications/85126ff2-074a-41d7-adae-9ed9c16fedc5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85165239522&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":"https://pure.tue.nl/ws/files/333539395/Romeira_2023_Neuromorph._Comput._Eng._3_033001.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Romeira, B, Ad\u00e3o, R, Nieder, J B, Al-Taai, Q, Zhang, W, Hadfield, R H, Wasige, E, Hejda, M, Hurtado, A, Malysheva, E, Dolores Calzadilla, V, Louren\u00e7o, J, Castro Alves, D, Figueiredo, J M L, Ortega-Piwonka, I, Javaloyes, J, Edwards, S, Davies, J I, Horst, F & Offrein, B J 2023, 'Brain-inspired nanophotonic spike computing : challenges and prospects', Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering, vol. 3, no. 3, 033001. https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/acdf17","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:86227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/1405903.html>","pdf_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/86227/1/Romeira_etal_NCE_2023_Brain_inspired_nanophotonic_spike_computing.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d4f44c3f09dc4100942fd993a58446d5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d4f44c3f09dc4100942fd993a58446d5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering, Vol 3, Iss 3, p 033001 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2634-4386/acdf17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/acdf17","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/acdf17/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212933","display_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","issn_l":"2634-4386","issn":["2634-4386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3042252121","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82884","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G367959941","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"828841","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4002009268","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V025198/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4828499876","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V025198/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4937468798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5782478948","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Turing AI Acceleration Fellowships Programme (EP/V","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5819442625","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"828841","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6338631100","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101046790","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G682686153","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"828841","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338336","funder_display_name":"H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7292981195","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101046790","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7924124939","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101046790","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051717526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318064016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8590235707","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"828841","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8939647064","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V025198/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338336","display_name":"H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380987544.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":130,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1471658416","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1837679611","https://openalex.org/W1969957110","https://openalex.org/W1975871200","https://openalex.org/W1977664984","https://openalex.org/W1981377870","https://openalex.org/W2003845683","https://openalex.org/W2005766035","https://openalex.org/W2008629144","https://openalex.org/W2009825314","https://openalex.org/W2023464407","https://openalex.org/W2033715451","https://openalex.org/W2045402625","https://openalex.org/W2059913283","https://openalex.org/W2062560986","https://openalex.org/W2063350779","https://openalex.org/W2065233860","https://openalex.org/W2067455408","https://openalex.org/W2075943405","https://openalex.org/W2094174092","https://openalex.org/W2095647387","https://openalex.org/W2097536487","https://openalex.org/W2119443761","https://openalex.org/W2129458858","https://openalex.org/W2134343863","https://openalex.org/W2138913040","https://openalex.org/W2142940288","https://openalex.org/W2151880381","https://openalex.org/W2161156247","https://openalex.org/W2161464895","https://openalex.org/W2163273201","https://openalex.org/W2163886718","https://openalex.org/W2165639766","https://openalex.org/W2253900380","https://openalex.org/W2267099749","https://openalex.org/W2307193480","https://openalex.org/W2334884940","https://openalex.org/W2401577158","https://openalex.org/W2414247527","https://openalex.org/W2480145143","https://openalex.org/W2523090265","https://openalex.org/W2569813014","https://openalex.org/W2584874809","https://openalex.org/W2606169067","https://openalex.org/W2620474507","https://openalex.org/W2621826044","https://openalex.org/W2752849906","https://openalex.org/W2756451962","https://openalex.org/W2758404936","https://openalex.org/W2765159533","https://openalex.org/W2783525259","https://openalex.org/W2784510514","https://openalex.org/W2796625795","https://openalex.org/W2799902564","https://openalex.org/W2803706985","https://openalex.org/W2805362231","https://openalex.org/W2887090061","https://openalex.org/W2895545069","https://openalex.org/W2902437043","https://openalex.org/W2902722026","https://openalex.org/W2906829733","https://openalex.org/W2909846571","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2922523635","https://openalex.org/W2944119451","https://openalex.org/W2944997917","https://openalex.org/W2956732826","https://openalex.org/W2963245459","https://openalex.org/W2968236967","https://openalex.org/W2973107042","https://openalex.org/W2992937242","https://openalex.org/W3003967059","https://openalex.org/W3005371463","https://openalex.org/W3014583102","https://openalex.org/W3015841640","https://openalex.org/W3020199533","https://openalex.org/W3035213622","https://openalex.org/W3039255102","https://openalex.org/W3039985332","https://openalex.org/W3041186969","https://openalex.org/W3042725180","https://openalex.org/W3085345630","https://openalex.org/W3087878439","https://openalex.org/W3088210022","https://openalex.org/W3094167991","https://openalex.org/W3095541025","https://openalex.org/W3095980865","https://openalex.org/W3096230432","https://openalex.org/W3096824456","https://openalex.org/W3097996494","https://openalex.org/W3100722816","https://openalex.org/W3100904912","https://openalex.org/W3102087395","https://openalex.org/W3103448394","https://openalex.org/W3103769236","https://openalex.org/W3104175408","https://openalex.org/W3109060415","https://openalex.org/W3120165331","https://openalex.org/W3128451613","https://openalex.org/W3132418758","https://openalex.org/W3134295666","https://openalex.org/W3135583354","https://openalex.org/W3152526019","https://openalex.org/W3172011300","https://openalex.org/W3174155187","https://openalex.org/W3188982409","https://openalex.org/W3193274511","https://openalex.org/W3198707399","https://openalex.org/W3202880178","https://openalex.org/W3208975838","https://openalex.org/W3212991180","https://openalex.org/W3216581365","https://openalex.org/W3217091868","https://openalex.org/W4205279902","https://openalex.org/W4210530781","https://openalex.org/W4210774920","https://openalex.org/W4210823697","https://openalex.org/W4214558720","https://openalex.org/W4220765296","https://openalex.org/W4221000819","https://openalex.org/W4223654622","https://openalex.org/W4283766327","https://openalex.org/W4286648516","https://openalex.org/W4295886600","https://openalex.org/W4302362435","https://openalex.org/W4306742779","https://openalex.org/W4309222921","https://openalex.org/W4318220654","https://openalex.org/W6638822131"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2542565870","https://openalex.org/W3089892344","https://openalex.org/W3081559266","https://openalex.org/W3160415743","https://openalex.org/W3208975838","https://openalex.org/W4313442939","https://openalex.org/W4386227293","https://openalex.org/W4372267706","https://openalex.org/W4288055417","https://openalex.org/W4287758233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Nanophotonic":[1],"spiking":[2,45,79,102,129,151,174,216],"neural":[3,176],"networks":[4],"(SNNs)":[5],"based":[6,81],"on":[7,82],"neuron-like":[8],"excitable":[9],"subwavelength":[10],"(submicrometre)":[11],"devices":[12],"are":[13],"of":[14,28,101,112,182,230,246,257],"key":[15,146],"importance":[16],"for":[17,44,52,109,148,170,192,208,236],"realizing":[18],"brain-inspired,":[19],"power-efficient":[20],"artificial":[21,98,183],"intelligence":[22],"(AI)":[23],"systems":[24],"with":[25,88,114],"high":[26],"degree":[27],"parallelism":[29],"and":[30,40,48,69,118,121,127,141,162,206,210,227,262],"energy":[31],"efficiency.":[32],"Despite":[33],"significant":[34],"advances":[35],"in":[36,194,214,254],"neuromorphic":[37,215,234],"photonics,":[38],"compact":[39],"efficient":[41,149],"nanophotonic":[42,232],"elements":[43],"signal":[46],"emission":[47],"detection,":[49,205],"as":[50,96,200,219],"required":[51],"spike-based":[53,188,233],"computation,":[54],"remain":[55],"largely":[56],"unexplored.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"invited":[60],"perspective,":[61],"we":[62,186],"outline":[63],"the":[64,107,172,225,247,255,258],"main":[65],"challenges,":[66],"early":[67],"achievements,":[68],"opportunities":[70],"toward":[71],"a":[72,136,244],"key-enabling":[73],"photonic":[74,175,217],"neuro-architecture":[75],"using":[76,179],"III\u2013V/Si":[77],"integrated":[78,159],"nodes":[80],"nanoscale":[83,115],"resonant":[84],"tunnelling":[85],"diodes":[86,117],"(nanoRTDs)":[87],"folded":[89],"negative":[90],"differential":[91],"resistance.":[92],"We":[93,105,153],"utilize":[94],"nanoRTDs":[95,113],"nonlinear":[97],"neurons":[99],"capable":[100],"at":[103],"high-speeds.":[104],"discuss":[106,154],"prospects":[108],"monolithic":[110],"integration":[111],"light-emitting":[116],"nanolaser":[119],"diodes,":[120],"nanophotodetectors":[122],"to":[123],"realize":[124],"neuron":[125,184],"emitter":[126],"receiver":[128],"nodes,":[130],"respectively.":[131],"Such":[132],"layout":[133],"would":[134],"have":[135],"small":[137],"footprint,":[138],"fast":[139],"operation,":[140],"low":[142],"power":[143],"consumption,":[144],"all":[145],"requirements":[147],"nano-optoelectronic":[150],"operation.":[152],"how":[155],"silicon":[156],"photonics":[157],"interconnects,":[158,161],"photorefractive":[160],"3D":[163],"waveguide":[164],"polymeric":[165],"interconnections":[166],"can":[167],"be":[168],"used":[169],"interconnecting":[171],"emitter-receiver":[173],"nodes.":[177],"Finally,":[178],"numerical":[180],"simulations":[181],"models,":[185],"present":[187],"spatio-temporal":[189],"learning":[190],"methods":[191],"applications":[193],"relevant":[195],"AI-based":[196],"functional":[197],"tasks,":[198],"such":[199],"image":[201],"pattern":[202],"recognition,":[203],"edge":[204],"SNNs":[207],"inference":[209],"learning.":[211],"Future":[212,261],"developments":[213],"nanocircuits,":[218],"outlined":[220],"here,":[221],"will":[222],"significantly":[223],"boost":[224],"processing":[226],"transmission":[228],"capabilities":[229],"next-generation":[231],"architectures":[235],"energy-efficient":[237],"AI":[238],"applications.":[239],"This":[240],"perspective":[241],"paper":[242],"is":[243],"result":[245],"European":[248],"Union":[249],"funded":[250],"research":[251],"project":[252],"ChipAI":[253],"frame":[256],"Horizon":[259],"2020":[260],"Emerging":[263],"Technologies":[264],"Open":[265],"programme.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}