{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319778492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/acbab9","title":"Hadamard product-based in-memory computing design for floating point neural network training","display_name":"Hadamard product-based in-memory computing design for floating point neural network training","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319778492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/acbab9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2634-4386/acbab9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/acbab9","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/acbab9/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212933","display_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","issn_l":"2634-4386","issn":["2634-4386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/acbab9/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034445385","display_name":"Anjunyi Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anjunyi Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112894523","display_name":"Yihan Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihan Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072208883","display_name":"Yaoyu Tao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaoyu Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113216833","display_name":"Zhonghua Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhonghua Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pimchip Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Pimchip Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pimchip Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pimchip Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072523950","display_name":"Haiyue Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyue Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pimchip Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Pimchip Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pimchip Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pimchip Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111656114","display_name":"Huiyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4465-8501"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pimchip Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Pimchip Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pimchip Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pimchip Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020613063","display_name":"Yaojun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9752-4729"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaojun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pimchip Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Pimchip Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pimchip Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pimchip Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043075091","display_name":"Bonan Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3052-9330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bonan Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3052-9330","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057584787","display_name":"Yuchao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4674-4059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115644","display_name":"Chinese Institute for Brain Research","ror":"https://ror.org/029819q61","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115644"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuchao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Center for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen, People\u2019s Republic of China","Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","Center for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), Beijing, People's Republic of China","Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4674-4059","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062886480","display_name":"Ru Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8146-4821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ru Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043075091","https://openalex.org/A5057584787","https://openalex.org/A5062886480"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I4210115644"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2453},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2453},"fwci":0.2532,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50089426,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"014009","last_page":"014009"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7312859296798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5861043930053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.4860880672931671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.41350653767585754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.41328707337379456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3560895323753357}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7312859296798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5861043930053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.4860880672931671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.41350653767585754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.41328707337379456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3560895323753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/2634-4386/acbab9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/acbab9","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/acbab9/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212933","display_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","issn_l":"2634-4386","issn":["2634-4386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:11f43361656347448fbba5291f7a4219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/11f43361656347448fbba5291f7a4219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering, Vol 3, Iss 1, p 014009 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2634-4386/acbab9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/acbab9","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/acbab9/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212933","display_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","issn_l":"2634-4386","issn":["2634-4386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4321923067","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61925401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334945","display_name":"Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319778492.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1601789160","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2127287189","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2613989746","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2736591611","https://openalex.org/W2778345336","https://openalex.org/W2782046614","https://openalex.org/W2790511620","https://openalex.org/W2792208628","https://openalex.org/W2802367674","https://openalex.org/W2805362231","https://openalex.org/W2889210320","https://openalex.org/W2894696827","https://openalex.org/W2899637031","https://openalex.org/W2904299207","https://openalex.org/W2912270587","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2920326572","https://openalex.org/W2933452742","https://openalex.org/W2942478991","https://openalex.org/W2956502050","https://openalex.org/W2963122961","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2964810732","https://openalex.org/W2966524683","https://openalex.org/W2967433097","https://openalex.org/W2967733054","https://openalex.org/W2969812992","https://openalex.org/W2990793844","https://openalex.org/W3013080934","https://openalex.org/W3083443371","https://openalex.org/W3089022192","https://openalex.org/W3092368495","https://openalex.org/W3133754064","https://openalex.org/W3139521791","https://openalex.org/W3145926676","https://openalex.org/W3172612114","https://openalex.org/W3181651498","https://openalex.org/W3183712408","https://openalex.org/W3195858150","https://openalex.org/W3201613041","https://openalex.org/W3206117777","https://openalex.org/W4205667545","https://openalex.org/W4210772993","https://openalex.org/W4213335539","https://openalex.org/W4221001402","https://openalex.org/W4221101426","https://openalex.org/W4293057394","https://openalex.org/W4312517188","https://openalex.org/W6635932313","https://openalex.org/W6674914833","https://openalex.org/W6678718490","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6737884460","https://openalex.org/W6746698991","https://openalex.org/W6748967906","https://openalex.org/W6749781174","https://openalex.org/W6754626604","https://openalex.org/W6756944905","https://openalex.org/W6758520585","https://openalex.org/W6761923696","https://openalex.org/W6766425800","https://openalex.org/W6783370462","https://openalex.org/W6784081603","https://openalex.org/W6791211223","https://openalex.org/W6794350876","https://openalex.org/W6796981835","https://openalex.org/W6799119007","https://openalex.org/W6809544605","https://openalex.org/W6810094141"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140798747","https://openalex.org/W2948169060","https://openalex.org/W2730112582","https://openalex.org/W2358580169","https://openalex.org/W2111347279","https://openalex.org/W2110696645","https://openalex.org/W2487211728","https://openalex.org/W2378096925","https://openalex.org/W2348031209","https://openalex.org/W2485376993"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Deep":[1],"neural":[2,196],"networks":[3],"(DNNs)":[4],"are":[5,131],"one":[6],"of":[7,11,81,94,127,174,202,265],"the":[8,41,48,60,68,79,105,132,136,151,159,165,170,175,200,203,224,249,271,282],"key":[9],"fields":[10],"machine":[12],"learning.":[13],"It":[14],"requires":[15],"considerable":[16],"computational":[17],"resources":[18],"for":[19,43,62,84,104,120,135,153,169,213],"cognitive":[20],"tasks.":[21],"As":[22],"a":[23,114,262,277],"novel":[24,115],"technology":[25,187],"to":[26],"perform":[27],"computing":[28,33,37],"inside/near":[29],"memory":[30,51],"units,":[31],"in-memory":[32],"(IMC)":[34],"significantly":[35],"improves":[36],"efficiency":[38,173],"by":[39],"reducing":[40],"need":[42],"repetitive":[44],"data":[45,263],"transfer":[46],"between":[47],"processing":[49,273],"and":[50,91,98,146,172,191,208,238],"units.":[52],"However,":[53],"prior":[54,283],"IMC":[55,69,106,118,154,176,226,259,285],"designs":[56],"mainly":[57],"focus":[58],"on":[59,158],"acceleration":[61],"DNN":[63,65,82,122],"inference.":[64],"training":[66,83,167,222],"with":[67,108,183,193,223,252,270],"hardware":[70],"has":[71,261],"rarely":[72],"been":[73],"proposed.":[74],"The":[75,178,257],"challenges":[76,102],"lie":[77],"in":[78,236,246],"requirement":[80],"high":[85],"precision":[86],"(e.g.":[87,96],"floating":[88],"point":[89],"(FP))":[90],"various":[92],"operations":[93],"tensors":[95],"inner":[97],"outer":[99],"products).":[100],"These":[101],"call":[103],"design":[107,119,125,180,189,206,214,260],"new":[109],"features.":[110],"This":[111],"paper":[112],"proposes":[113],"Hadamard":[116],"product-based":[117],"FP":[121,155,272,284],"training.":[123],"Our":[124,217],"consists":[126],"multiple":[128],"compartments,":[129],"which":[130],"basic":[133],"units":[134],"matrix":[137],"element-wise":[138],"processing.":[139,156],"We":[140,198],"also":[141],"develop":[142],"BFloat16":[143],"post-processing":[144],"circuits":[145,274],"fused":[147],"adder":[148],"trees,":[149],"laying":[150],"foundation":[152],"Based":[157],"proposed":[160,179,225,258],"circuit":[161,204],"scheme,":[162],"we":[163],"reformulate":[164],"back-propagation":[166],"algorithm":[168],"convenience":[171],"execution.":[177],"is":[181],"implemented":[182],"commercial":[184],"28":[185],"nm":[186],"process":[188],"kits":[190],"benchmarked":[192],"widely":[194],"used":[195],"networks.":[197],"model":[199],"influence":[201],"structural":[205],"parameters":[207],"provide":[209],"an":[210],"analysis":[211],"framework":[212],"space":[215],"exploration.":[216],"simulation":[218],"validates":[219],"that":[220],"MobileNet":[221],"scheme":[227],"saves":[228],"<mml:math":[229,239],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[230,240],"overflow=\"scroll\">":[231,241],"<mml:mn>91.2</mml:mn>":[232],"<mml:mi":[233,243],"mathvariant=\"normal\">%</mml:mi>":[234,244],"</mml:math>":[235,245],"energy":[237],"<mml:mn>13.9</mml:mn>":[242],"time":[247],"versus":[248],"same":[250],"task":[251],"NVIDIA":[253],"GTX":[254],"3060":[255],"GPU.":[256],"density":[264],"769.2":[266],"Kb":[267],"mm":[268],"\u22122":[269],"included,":[275],"showing":[276],"3.5":[278],"\u00d7":[279],"improvement":[280],"than":[281],"designs.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
