{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4304756332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ac999b","title":"Simple and complex spiking neurons: perspectives and analysis in a simple STDP scenario","display_name":"Simple and complex spiking neurons: perspectives and analysis in a simple STDP scenario","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4304756332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ac999b"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2634-4386/ac999b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ac999b","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/ac999b/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212933","display_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","issn_l":"2634-4386","issn":["2634-4386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/ac999b/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034018043","display_name":"Davide L. Manna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8963-5050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152797","display_name":"Advanced Neural Dynamics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k7ts633","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152797"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Davide L Manna","raw_affiliation_strings":[", and , and , Research","Neuromorphic Sensor Signal Processing Lab, Centre for Image and Signal Processing, Electrical and Electronic Engineering,University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8963-5050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", and , and , Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152797"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuromorphic Sensor Signal Processing Lab, Centre for Image and Signal Processing, Electrical and Electronic Engineering,University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073856557","display_name":"\u00c1lex Vicente","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2370-6562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Vicente-Sola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuromorphic Sensor Signal Processing Lab, Centre for Image and Signal Processing, Electrical and Electronic Engineering,University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2370-6562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuromorphic Sensor Signal Processing Lab, Centre for Image and Signal Processing, Electrical and Electronic Engineering,University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013103343","display_name":"Paul Kirkland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5905-6816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152797","display_name":"Advanced Neural Dynamics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k7ts633","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152797"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Kirkland","raw_affiliation_strings":[", and , and , Research","Neuromorphic Sensor Signal Processing Lab, Centre for Image and Signal Processing, Electrical and Electronic Engineering,University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5905-6816","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", and , and , Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152797"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuromorphic Sensor Signal Processing Lab, Centre for Image and Signal Processing, Electrical and Electronic Engineering,University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072710973","display_name":"Trevor Bihl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2431-2749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152797","display_name":"Advanced Neural Dynamics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k7ts633","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152797"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trevor J Bihl","raw_affiliation_strings":[", and , and , Research","Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson AFB, OH, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2431-2749","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", and , and , Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152797"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson AFB, OH, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009371598","display_name":"Gaetano Di Caterina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7256-0897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaetano Di Caterina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuromorphic Sensor Signal Processing Lab, Centre for Image and Signal Processing, Electrical and Electronic Engineering,University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7256-0897","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuromorphic Sensor Signal Processing Lab, Centre for Image and Signal Processing, Electrical and Electronic Engineering,University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034018043"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926","https://openalex.org/I4210152797"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2453},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2453},"fwci":2.1203,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87428911,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":"044009","last_page":"044009"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.8965184092521667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5639404058456421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.444650262594223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.37939703464508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-system","display_name":"Biological system","score":0.3489757180213928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31169116497039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.15872126817703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.10950621962547302}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.8965184092521667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5639404058456421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.444650262594223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.37939703464508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.3489757180213928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31169116497039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15872126817703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.10950621962547302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/2634-4386/ac999b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ac999b","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/ac999b/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212933","display_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","issn_l":"2634-4386","issn":["2634-4386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2634-4386/ac999b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ac999b","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/ac999b/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212933","display_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","issn_l":"2634-4386","issn":["2634-4386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4661900186","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8655-20-1-7037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332467","display_name":"U.S. Air Force","ror":"https://ror.org/006gmme17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4304756332.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4304756332.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":101,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549582410","https://openalex.org/W1568617409","https://openalex.org/W1570411240","https://openalex.org/W1604973310","https://openalex.org/W1666962919","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1836848727","https://openalex.org/W1967983190","https://openalex.org/W1985940938","https://openalex.org/W2006370340","https://openalex.org/W2007815184","https://openalex.org/W2008284899","https://openalex.org/W2009375605","https://openalex.org/W2022113456","https://openalex.org/W2025603247","https://openalex.org/W2035383271","https://openalex.org/W2046424015","https://openalex.org/W2048756013","https://openalex.org/W2056661320","https://openalex.org/W2060956313","https://openalex.org/W2061191702","https://openalex.org/W2061688414","https://openalex.org/W2072413244","https://openalex.org/W2096424116","https://openalex.org/W2102916183","https://openalex.org/W2106787520","https://openalex.org/W2109596721","https://openalex.org/W2128949090","https://openalex.org/W2129618392","https://openalex.org/W2130360162","https://openalex.org/W2136251560","https://openalex.org/W2141166794","https://openalex.org/W2155377787","https://openalex.org/W2157239334","https://openalex.org/W2159951683","https://openalex.org/W2163057446","https://openalex.org/W2164653071","https://openalex.org/W2233731247","https://openalex.org/W2252489915","https://openalex.org/W2292222414","https://openalex.org/W2567598763","https://openalex.org/W2618255684","https://openalex.org/W2736299736","https://openalex.org/W2737100340","https://openalex.org/W2745933219","https://openalex.org/W2783525259","https://openalex.org/W2788026236","https://openalex.org/W2793412210","https://openalex.org/W2793535222","https://openalex.org/W2795655975","https://openalex.org/W2861440650","https://openalex.org/W2886106119","https://openalex.org/W2922002199","https://openalex.org/W2948551291","https://openalex.org/W2950833128","https://openalex.org/W2962804204","https://openalex.org/W2963285578","https://openalex.org/W2963335874","https://openalex.org/W2963916998","https://openalex.org/W2976428661","https://openalex.org/W2979879900","https://openalex.org/W3014049800","https://openalex.org/W3016500864","https://openalex.org/W3035000326","https://openalex.org/W3035035250","https://openalex.org/W3101174122","https://openalex.org/W3118707936","https://openalex.org/W3130822715","https://openalex.org/W3200084004","https://openalex.org/W3205539566","https://openalex.org/W3212354845","https://openalex.org/W3214253320","https://openalex.org/W3217350819","https://openalex.org/W4223894936","https://openalex.org/W4229372746","https://openalex.org/W4300223384","https://openalex.org/W4300972885","https://openalex.org/W4306789201","https://openalex.org/W4320930577","https://openalex.org/W4379528681","https://openalex.org/W6637050416","https://openalex.org/W6665634846","https://openalex.org/W6675964764","https://openalex.org/W6683352401","https://openalex.org/W6685562342","https://openalex.org/W6689286705","https://openalex.org/W6739201545","https://openalex.org/W6741212758","https://openalex.org/W6743381544","https://openalex.org/W6746023985","https://openalex.org/W6750344830","https://openalex.org/W6753395613","https://openalex.org/W6754160122","https://openalex.org/W6754393108","https://openalex.org/W6775617409","https://openalex.org/W6776227554","https://openalex.org/W6779681028","https://openalex.org/W6779779295","https://openalex.org/W6803581784","https://openalex.org/W6803699146","https://openalex.org/W6850528068"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585007175","https://openalex.org/W2382521049","https://openalex.org/W2144385241","https://openalex.org/W3126544799","https://openalex.org/W4300101996","https://openalex.org/W2165950148","https://openalex.org/W4253593777","https://openalex.org/W2951497643","https://openalex.org/W3104333581","https://openalex.org/W2142393343"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Spiking":[1,24],"neural":[2],"networks":[3],"(SNNs)":[4],"are":[5,27,49,111,180],"largely":[6],"inspired":[7],"by":[8,172],"biology":[9],"and":[10,12,15,20,104,114,141,161,198,243],"neuroscience":[11],"leverage":[13],"ideas":[14],"theories":[16],"to":[17,146,175,216],"create":[18],"fast":[19],"efficient":[21],"learning":[22,88],"systems.":[23],"neuron":[25,43,82,99,108,132,167,245],"models":[26,48,67,83,100,109,154,179,246],"adopted":[28],"as":[29,213],"core":[30],"processing":[31],"units":[32],"in":[33,86,101,282],"neuromorphic":[34],"systems":[35,89],"because":[36],"they":[37],"enable":[38],"event-based":[39],"processing.":[40],"Among":[41],"many":[42],"models,":[44,133],"the":[45,53,59,102,135,137,142,149,156,159,163,173,196,210,235,241,256,260,263,267,271,276,279,283],"integrate-and-fire":[46],"(I&F)":[47],"often":[50],"adopted,":[51],"with":[52,186],"simple":[54,130,224],"leaky":[55],"I&F":[56,131,139,144],"(LIF)":[57],"being":[58],"most":[60],"used.":[61],"The":[62],"reason":[63],"for":[64,77,84],"adopting":[65,78],"such":[66],"is":[68,286],"their":[69],"efficiency":[70],"and/or":[71],"biological":[72],"plausibility.":[73],"Nevertheless,":[74],"rigorous":[75],"justification":[76],"LIF":[79],"over":[80],"other":[81],"use":[85,150],"artificial":[87],"has":[90],"not":[91],"yet":[92],"been":[93],"studied.":[94],"This":[95,251],"work":[96],"considers":[97],"various":[98],"literature":[103],"then":[105],"selects":[106],"computational":[107],"that":[110,205,253],"single-variable,":[112],"efficient,":[113],"display":[115],"different":[116],"types":[117],"of":[118,128,151,158,165,220,262,266],"complexities.":[119],"From":[120],"this":[121],"selection,":[122],"we":[123],"make":[124],"a":[125,166,192,223],"comparative":[126],"study":[127],"three":[129],"namely":[134],"LIF,":[136],"quadratic":[138],"(QIF)":[140],"exponential":[143],"(EIF),":[145],"understand":[147],"whether":[148,162],"more":[152,206,230],"complex":[153,207],"increases":[155],"performance":[157],"system":[160],"choice":[164],"model":[168,257],"can":[169],"be":[170,176],"directed":[171],"task":[174,194],"completed.":[177],"Neuron":[178],"tested":[181],"within":[182],"an":[183],"SNN":[184],"trained":[185],"spike-timing":[187],"dependent":[188],"plasticity":[189],"(STDP)":[190],"on":[191,195,222,259],"classification":[193],"N-MNIST":[197],"DVS":[199],"gestures":[200],"datasets.":[201],"Experimental":[202],"results":[203],"reveal":[204],"neurons":[208,281],"manifest":[209],"same":[211],"ability":[212],"simpler":[214],"ones":[215],"achieve":[217,248],"high":[218],"levels":[219],"accuracy":[221],"dataset":[225],"(N-MNIST),":[226],"albeit":[227],"requiring":[228],"comparably":[229],"hyper-parameter":[231],"tuning.":[232],"However,":[233],"when":[234],"data":[236,268],"possess":[237],"richer":[238],"spatio-temporal":[239],"features,":[240],"QIF":[242],"EIF":[244],"steadily":[247],"better":[249],"results.":[250],"suggests":[252],"accurately":[254],"selecting":[255],"based":[258],"richness":[261],"feature":[264],"spectrum":[265],"could":[269],"improve":[270],"whole":[272],"system\u2019s":[273],"performance.":[274],"Finally,":[275],"code":[277],"implementing":[278],"spiking":[280],"SpykeTorch":[284],"framework":[285],"made":[287],"publicly":[288],"available.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}