{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297407241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ac8827","title":"Emulation and modelling of semiconductor optical amplifier-based all-optical photonic integrated deep neural network with arbitrary depth","display_name":"Emulation and modelling of semiconductor optical amplifier-based all-optical photonic integrated deep neural network with arbitrary depth","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297407241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ac8827"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2634-4386/ac8827","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ac8827","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/ac8827/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212933","display_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","issn_l":"2634-4386","issn":["2634-4386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/ac8827/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010158838","display_name":"Bin Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-685X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bin Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eindhoven AI Systems Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands","Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eindhoven AI Systems Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080891126","display_name":"Nicola Calabretta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9162-4983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Calabretta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ripalta Stabile","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5197-3150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ripalta Stabile","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eindhoven AI Systems Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands","Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eindhoven AI Systems Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010158838"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2453},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2453},"fwci":0.2776,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63324166,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"034010","last_page":"034010"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.628497838973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6148731112480164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-amplifier","display_name":"Optical amplifier","score":0.5659932494163513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4738074839115143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonics","display_name":"Photonics","score":0.4709875285625458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4492359459400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4464697241783142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.44123515486717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.33380749821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2954012155532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2818185091018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12641558051109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11503130197525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1138906478881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.628497838973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6148731112480164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101649071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359305","display_name":"Optical amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5659932494163513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4738074839115143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.4709875285625458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4492359459400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4464697241783142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.44123515486717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.33380749821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2954012155532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2818185091018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12641558051109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11503130197525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1138906478881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/2634-4386/ac8827","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ac8827","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/ac8827/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212933","display_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","issn_l":"2634-4386","issn":["2634-4386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:openaire/f8bd07b2-e229-47d4-8768-3a6b7e270080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/f8bd07b2-e229-47d4-8768-3a6b7e270080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Shi, B, Calabretta, N & Stabile, R 2022, 'Emulation and modelling of semiconductor optical amplifier-based all-optical photonic integrated deep neural network with arbitrary depth', Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering, vol. 2, no. 3, 034010. https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ac8827","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7c321ffb3312467ab78b4693d95c78c1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7c321ffb3312467ab78b4693d95c78c1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering, Vol 2, Iss 3, p 034010 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:tue:oai:pure.tue.nl:publications/f8bd07b2-e229-47d4-8768-3a6b7e270080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/nl/publications/f8bd07b2-e229-47d4-8768-3a6b7e270080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering, 2(3):034010. IOP Publishing Ltd.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2634-4386/ac8827","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ac8827","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2634-4386/ac8827/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212933","display_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","issn_l":"2634-4386","issn":["2634-4386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3785436846","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"024.002.033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5365867299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5553415574","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Zwaartekracht","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G629491556","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(NWO)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297407241.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297407241.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604973310","https://openalex.org/W1979705606","https://openalex.org/W1991517467","https://openalex.org/W2005362592","https://openalex.org/W2008065540","https://openalex.org/W2044224253","https://openalex.org/W2065628660","https://openalex.org/W2123003929","https://openalex.org/W2139868757","https://openalex.org/W2152595770","https://openalex.org/W2155707776","https://openalex.org/W2159951683","https://openalex.org/W2169384137","https://openalex.org/W2406903132","https://openalex.org/W2580112537","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2752849906","https://openalex.org/W2904694042","https://openalex.org/W2923894441","https://openalex.org/W2944119451","https://openalex.org/W2966081953","https://openalex.org/W2976897596","https://openalex.org/W2977468072","https://openalex.org/W2982130857","https://openalex.org/W2992508722","https://openalex.org/W3003967059","https://openalex.org/W3009875741","https://openalex.org/W3035998187","https://openalex.org/W3098622544","https://openalex.org/W3120165331","https://openalex.org/W3130554079","https://openalex.org/W4200192429","https://openalex.org/W4211228099","https://openalex.org/W6645434952","https://openalex.org/W6736288088","https://openalex.org/W6774745271","https://openalex.org/W6808371597"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2154523322","https://openalex.org/W2083200807","https://openalex.org/W1603137082","https://openalex.org/W2364195017","https://openalex.org/W2355430452","https://openalex.org/W1951195060","https://openalex.org/W2049983405","https://openalex.org/W2392315374","https://openalex.org/W2351776620","https://openalex.org/W4235929998"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1,44],"experimentally":[2],"demonstrate":[3],"the":[4,9,33,51,55,75,97,154,219],"emulation":[5],"of":[6,8,21,23,60,99,123,142,162,174],"scaling":[7],"semiconductor":[10],"optical":[11,92],"amplifier":[12],"(SOA)":[13],"based":[14],"integrated":[15,177],"all-optical":[16,76],"neural":[17,109,119,185],"network":[18,186],"in":[19,211],"terms":[20],"number":[22,161],"input":[24,31,125,139,150,163,220],"channels":[25,164],"and":[26,35,62,71,145,165,171,191],"layer":[27,201],"cascade,":[28],"with":[29,79,102,111,146,187],"chromatic":[30],"at":[32,138],"neuron":[34,77],"monochromatic":[36],"output":[37,206],"conversion,":[38],"obtained":[39,216],"by":[40,169,217],"exploiting":[41],"cross-gain-modulation":[42],"effect.":[43],"propose":[45],"a":[46,147,184],"noise":[47,89],"model":[48],"for":[49,90,107,199],"investigating":[50],"signal":[52,56],"degradation":[53],"on":[54],"processing":[57],"after":[58],"cascades":[59],"SOAs,":[61],"we":[63],"validate":[64],"it":[65,179],"via":[66],"experimental":[67],"results.":[68],"Both":[69],"experiments":[70],"simulations":[72,155],"claim":[73],"that":[74,96,168],"(AON),":[78],"wavelength":[80,103],"conversion":[81,104],"as":[82],"non-linear":[83],"function,":[84],"is":[85,127,180],"able":[86],"to":[87,129,158,182,203],"compress":[88],"noisy":[91],"inputs.":[93],"This":[94],"suggests":[95],"use":[98],"SOA-based":[100],"AON":[101],"may":[105],"allow":[106],"building":[108],"networks":[110],"arbitrary":[112,160,192],"depth.":[113],"In":[114],"fact,":[115],"an":[116,131,159,196,205],"arbitrarily":[117],"deep":[118],"network,":[120],"built":[121],"out":[122],"seven-channel":[124],"AONs,":[126,178],"shown":[128],"guarantee":[130],"error":[132,207],"minor":[133],"than":[134],"0.1":[135],"when":[136],"operating":[137],"power":[140],"levels":[141],"\u221220":[143],"dBm/channel":[144],"6":[148],"dB":[149],"dynamic":[151],"range.":[152],"Then":[153],"results,":[156],"extended":[157],"layers,":[166],"suggest":[167],"cascading":[170],"interconnecting":[172],"multiple":[173],"these":[175],"monolithically":[176],"possible":[181],"build":[183],"12-inputs/neuron":[188],"12":[189],"neurons/layer":[190],"depth":[193],"scaling,":[194],"or":[195],"18-inputs/neuron":[197],"18-neurons/layer":[198],"single":[200],"implementation,":[202],"maintain":[204],"<0.1.":[208],"Further":[209],"improvement":[210],"height":[212],"scalability":[213],"can":[214],"be":[215],"optimizing":[218],"power.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}