{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400933241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/ad8e2b","title":"Stochastic black-box optimization using multi-fidelity score function estimator","display_name":"Stochastic black-box optimization using multi-fidelity score function estimator","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400933241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/ad8e2b"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2632-2153/ad8e2b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/ad8e2b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200687","display_name":"Machine Learning Science and Technology","issn_l":"2632-2153","issn":["2632-2153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning: Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/ad8e2b","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071290143","display_name":"Atul Agrawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-359X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atul Agrawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["TUM - Technische Universit\u00e4t Munchen - Technical University Munich - Universit\u00e9 Technique de Munich (Arcisstrasse 21, D- 80333 M\u00fcnchen - Germany)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-359X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUM - Technische Universit\u00e4t Munchen - Technical University Munich - Universit\u00e9 Technique de Munich (Arcisstrasse 21, D- 80333 M\u00fcnchen - Germany)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113302009","display_name":"Kislaya Ravi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kislaya Ravi","raw_affiliation_strings":["TUM - Technische Universit\u00e4t Munchen - Technical University Munich - Universit\u00e9 Technique de Munich (Arcisstrasse 21, D- 80333 M\u00fcnchen - Germany)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1927-7651","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUM - Technische Universit\u00e4t Munchen - Technical University Munich - Universit\u00e9 Technique de Munich (Arcisstrasse 21, D- 80333 M\u00fcnchen - Germany)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053827070","display_name":"Phaedon\u2010Stelios Koutsourelakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-759X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phaedon-Stelios Koutsourelakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["TUM - Technische Universit\u00e4t Munchen - Technical University Munich - Universit\u00e9 Technique de Munich (Arcisstrasse 21, D- 80333 M\u00fcnchen - Germany)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-759X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUM - Technische Universit\u00e4t Munchen - Technical University Munich - Universit\u00e9 Technique de Munich (Arcisstrasse 21, D- 80333 M\u00fcnchen - Germany)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068403289","display_name":"Hans\u2010Joachim Bungartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0171-0712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans-Joachim Bungartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["TUM - Technische Universit\u00e4t Munchen - Technical University Munich - Universit\u00e9 Technique de Munich (Arcisstrasse 21, D- 80333 M\u00fcnchen - Germany)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0171-0712","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUM - Technische Universit\u00e4t Munchen - Technical University Munich - Universit\u00e9 Technique de Munich (Arcisstrasse 21, D- 80333 M\u00fcnchen - Germany)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1962},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1962},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13365298,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"015024","last_page":"015024"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10963","display_name":"Advanced Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2612","display_name":"Numerical Analysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.6379802227020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box","display_name":"Black box","score":0.5682106018066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.48511946201324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/score","display_name":"Score","score":0.4472256898880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44419345259666443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.39599883556365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.38718175888061523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25028595328330994}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.6379802227020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.5682106018066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.48511946201324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65660741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3952743","display_name":"Score","level":2,"score":0.4472256898880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44419345259666443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.39599883556365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.38718175888061523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25028595328330994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/2632-2153/ad8e2b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/ad8e2b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200687","display_name":"Machine Learning Science and Technology","issn_l":"2632-2153","issn":["2632-2153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning: Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04659802v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04659802","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04659802/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2024","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5214d03bf7fc406b9d29d220c2839dae","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5214d03bf7fc406b9d29d220c2839dae","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning: Science and Technology, Vol 6, Iss 1, p 015024 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2632-2153/ad8e2b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/ad8e2b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200687","display_name":"Machine Learning Science and Technology","issn_l":"2632-2153","issn":["2632-2153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning: Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2881679509","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FKZ-13XP5125B","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":113,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W202805564","https://openalex.org/W1479979375","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1581390564","https://openalex.org/W1835030294","https://openalex.org/W1965555277","https://openalex.org/W1970789124","https://openalex.org/W1978501336","https://openalex.org/W1995285162","https://openalex.org/W2013596835","https://openalex.org/W2014945091","https://openalex.org/W2021940557","https://openalex.org/W2030006024","https://openalex.org/W2045973738","https://openalex.org/W2046765929","https://openalex.org/W2057830724","https://openalex.org/W2073224780","https://openalex.org/W2088744342","https://openalex.org/W2093625674","https://openalex.org/W2101506489","https://openalex.org/W2116416291","https://openalex.org/W2116640103","https://openalex.org/W2119717200","https://openalex.org/W2131116400","https://openalex.org/W2131241448","https://openalex.org/W2137104525","https://openalex.org/W2149479912","https://openalex.org/W2159997838","https://openalex.org/W2160960847","https://openalex.org/W2183737160","https://openalex.org/W2305977224","https://openalex.org/W2431874326","https://openalex.org/W2556096037","https://openalex.org/W2596367596","https://openalex.org/W2596893084","https://openalex.org/W2783341379","https://openalex.org/W2811395263","https://openalex.org/W2890467057","https://openalex.org/W2891122218","https://openalex.org/W2891563122","https://openalex.org/W2915854813","https://openalex.org/W2919647598","https://openalex.org/W2941034199","https://openalex.org/W2963173382","https://openalex.org/W2963485278","https://openalex.org/W2964690830","https://openalex.org/W2966628687","https://openalex.org/W2990262803","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3006504076","https://openalex.org/W3007384386","https://openalex.org/W3031514878","https://openalex.org/W3035592708","https://openalex.org/W3095130276","https://openalex.org/W3102143361","https://openalex.org/W3106718099","https://openalex.org/W3136591341","https://openalex.org/W3184096801","https://openalex.org/W3191363037","https://openalex.org/W4210771111","https://openalex.org/W4287122813","https://openalex.org/W4288310870","https://openalex.org/W4288418953","https://openalex.org/W4290067059","https://openalex.org/W4293415974","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W4297805811","https://openalex.org/W4301435544","https://openalex.org/W4310479036","https://openalex.org/W4378070033","https://openalex.org/W4379058123","https://openalex.org/W4387388935","https://openalex.org/W4389115659","https://openalex.org/W4389121645","https://openalex.org/W4393119324","https://openalex.org/W4394842217","https://openalex.org/W4396714410","https://openalex.org/W4399333302","https://openalex.org/W4402692822","https://openalex.org/W6608206471","https://openalex.org/W6628836592","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6635042283","https://openalex.org/W6638758238","https://openalex.org/W6668951012","https://openalex.org/W6677326673","https://openalex.org/W6678911119","https://openalex.org/W6682262322","https://openalex.org/W6682648773","https://openalex.org/W6685775387","https://openalex.org/W6718304584","https://openalex.org/W6735641298","https://openalex.org/W6735799286","https://openalex.org/W6741863510","https://openalex.org/W6745515306","https://openalex.org/W6754109048","https://openalex.org/W6754127105","https://openalex.org/W6754779071","https://openalex.org/W6759716227","https://openalex.org/W6763476460","https://openalex.org/W6765826203","https://openalex.org/W6766066654","https://openalex.org/W6766615528","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6779629482","https://openalex.org/W6779885488","https://openalex.org/W6784424872","https://openalex.org/W6796246737","https://openalex.org/W6798842631","https://openalex.org/W6857995248","https://openalex.org/W6859878427","https://openalex.org/W6862226483","https://openalex.org/W7014610195"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381850946","https://openalex.org/W4380449851","https://openalex.org/W3125091513","https://openalex.org/W4287880334","https://openalex.org/W4366700029","https://openalex.org/W4285230481","https://openalex.org/W4248383205","https://openalex.org/W4234745530","https://openalex.org/W1975748603","https://openalex.org/W1977161183"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Optimizing":[1],"parameters":[2,35],"of":[3,12,34,126,167],"physics-based":[4],"simulators":[5],"is":[6,24,42,66],"crucial":[7],"in":[8,45,69,109,128,146,159],"the":[9,22,43,156,165],"design":[10],"process":[11],"engineering":[13],"and":[14,29,54,116,122],"scientific":[15],"systems.":[16],"This":[17],"becomes":[18],"particularly":[19],"challenging":[20],"when":[21,30],"simulator":[23],"stochastic,":[25],"computationally":[26],"expensive,":[27],"black-box":[28,71],"a":[31,92,160,168],"high-dimensional":[32],"vector":[33],"needs":[36],"to":[37,111,130,150],"be":[38,97,104],"optimized,":[39],"as":[40],"e.g.":[41],"case":[44],"complex":[46,161],"climate":[47],"models":[48],"that":[49,95],"involve":[50],"numerous":[51],"interdependent":[52],"variables":[53],"uncertain":[55],"parameters.":[56],"Many":[57],"traditional":[58],"optimization":[59,148,166],"methods":[60],"rely":[61],"on":[62,99],"gradient":[63],"information,":[64],"which":[65],"frequently":[67],"unavailable":[68],"legacy":[70],"codes.":[72],"To":[73],"address":[74],"these":[75],"challenges,":[76],"we":[77,154],"present":[78],"SCOUT-Nd":[79],"(":[80],"S":[81],"tochastic":[82],"C":[83],"onstrained":[84],"O":[85],"p":[86],"t":[87],"imization":[88],"for":[89],"N":[90],"dimensions),":[91],"gradient-based":[93],"algorithm":[94],"can":[96,103],"used":[98],"non-differentiable":[100],"objectives.":[101],"It":[102],"combined":[105],"with":[106],"natural":[107],"gradients":[108],"order":[110,129],"further":[112],"enhance":[113],"convergence":[114],"properties.":[115],"it":[117],"also":[118],"incorporates":[119],"multi-fidelity":[120],"schemes":[121],"an":[123],"adaptive":[124],"selection":[125],"samples":[127],"minimize":[131],"computational":[132],"effort.":[133],"We":[134],"validate":[135],"our":[136],"approach":[137],"using":[138],"standard,":[139],"benchmark":[140],"problems,":[141],"demonstrating":[142],"its":[143],"superior":[144],"performance":[145],"parameter":[147],"compared":[149],"existing":[151],"methods.":[152],"Additionally,":[153],"showcase":[155],"algorithm\u2019s":[157],"efficacy":[158],"real-world":[162],"application,":[163],"i.e.":[164],"wind":[169],"farm":[170],"layout.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}