{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3120675454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/abec22","title":"Control of stochastic quantum dynamics by differentiable programming","display_name":"Control of stochastic quantum dynamics by differentiable programming","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3120675454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/abec22","mag":"3120675454"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2632-2153/abec22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/abec22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200687","display_name":"Machine Learning Science and Technology","issn_l":"2632-2153","issn":["2632-2153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning: Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/abec22","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Frank Sch\u00e4fer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2684-4984"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Sch\u00e4fer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2684-4984","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pavel Sekatski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8455-020X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pavel Sekatski","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8455-020X","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Martin Koppenh\u00f6fer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0162-3261"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Koppenh\u00f6fer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0162-3261","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Christoph Bruder","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Bruder","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Michal Kloc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-7723"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michal Kloc","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-7723","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1962},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1962},"fwci":2.2389,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89697253,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"035004","last_page":"035004"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.7520999908447266,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.7520999908447266,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.11330000311136246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.03999999910593033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5644000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.5414000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differentiable-function","display_name":"Differentiable function","score":0.5253000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qubit","display_name":"Qubit","score":0.5105999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-state","display_name":"Quantum state","score":0.477400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-differential-equation","display_name":"Stochastic differential equation","score":0.45820000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wigner-distribution-function","display_name":"Wigner distribution function","score":0.43720000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.3910999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homodyne-detection","display_name":"Homodyne detection","score":0.3880000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5644000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.5414000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202615002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783507","display_name":"Differentiable function","level":2,"score":0.5253000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.5105999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15706264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230883","display_name":"Quantum state","level":3,"score":0.477400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51955184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1545585","display_name":"Stochastic differential equation","level":2,"score":0.45820000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44119998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151077058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233415","display_name":"Wigner distribution function","level":3,"score":0.43720000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.3910999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778184138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1626181","display_name":"Homodyne detection","level":2,"score":0.3880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170131372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617811","display_name":"Stochastic control","level":3,"score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3587999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.35659998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778926657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum system","level":3,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.34940001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77405623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598451","display_name":"System dynamics","level":2,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26351279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227627","display_name":"Direct-conversion receiver","level":3,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14646407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430750","display_name":"Bellman equation","level":2,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8272713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176737","display_name":"Stochastic process","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192122513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835770","display_name":"Quantum phase estimation algorithm","level":5,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15184713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269042","display_name":"Quantum dynamics","level":3,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166834278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4218494","display_name":"Quantum tomography","level":4,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/2632-2153/abec22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/abec22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200687","display_name":"Machine Learning Science and Technology","issn_l":"2632-2153","issn":["2632-2153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning: Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2101.01190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.01190","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.01190","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edoc.unibas.ch:87298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401836","display_name":"edoc (University of Basel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","host_organization_name":"University of Basel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2632-2153/abec22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/abec22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200687","display_name":"Machine Learning Science and Technology","issn_l":"2632-2153","issn":["2632-2153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning: Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1551367267","https://openalex.org/W1814745027","https://openalex.org/W1966349459","https://openalex.org/W1978947909","https://openalex.org/W1985601705","https://openalex.org/W1992078191","https://openalex.org/W2003467109","https://openalex.org/W2008804511","https://openalex.org/W2011057663","https://openalex.org/W2026337802","https://openalex.org/W2033489614","https://openalex.org/W2036852911","https://openalex.org/W2046765929","https://openalex.org/W2046936035","https://openalex.org/W2058760524","https://openalex.org/W2063531468","https://openalex.org/W2067424031","https://openalex.org/W2073605536","https://openalex.org/W2079754943","https://openalex.org/W2092479209","https://openalex.org/W2097876164","https://openalex.org/W2119717200","https://openalex.org/W2124572694","https://openalex.org/W2196127359","https://openalex.org/W2239232218","https://openalex.org/W2503939348","https://openalex.org/W2586163083","https://openalex.org/W2606975978","https://openalex.org/W2607757577","https://openalex.org/W2619381903","https://openalex.org/W2749028154","https://openalex.org/W2761015455","https://openalex.org/W2767948319","https://openalex.org/W2768748954","https://openalex.org/W2772813568","https://openalex.org/W2774755163","https://openalex.org/W2804698115","https://openalex.org/W2888720512","https://openalex.org/W2902080782","https://openalex.org/W2902809050","https://openalex.org/W2909598767","https://openalex.org/W2923091270","https://openalex.org/W2940200844","https://openalex.org/W2941137921","https://openalex.org/W2949991399","https://openalex.org/W2952847983","https://openalex.org/W2954118811","https://openalex.org/W2999026783","https://openalex.org/W3008198323","https://openalex.org/W3092092240","https://openalex.org/W6638908295","https://openalex.org/W6684528527","https://openalex.org/W6684921986","https://openalex.org/W6745824439","https://openalex.org/W6750314317","https://openalex.org/W6758969245","https://openalex.org/W6764922984","https://openalex.org/W6771612237","https://openalex.org/W6775855194","https://openalex.org/W6780561946","https://openalex.org/W6782198102","https://openalex.org/W6790785289"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Control":[1],"of":[2,6,31,44,61,149,169,182,215],"the":[3,29,41,56,73,81,85,88,117,121,125,138,142,159,164,170,179,183,191,205,221,225],"stochastic":[4,107],"dynamics":[5],"a":[7,38,62,106,133,153,208,212,228],"quantum":[8,16,139],"system":[9],"is":[10,23,103],"indispensable":[11],"in":[12],"fields":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15,76,97],"information":[17,119,177],"processing":[18],"and":[19,59,91,144,203],"metrology.":[20],"However,":[21],"there":[22],"no":[24],"general":[25],"ready-made":[26],"approach":[27,54],"to":[28,55,65,141,163,201,207,227],"design":[30,43],"efficient":[32,113],"control":[33,45,74,230],"strategies.":[34],"Here,":[35],"we":[36,71,92,115,136,156,196],"propose":[37],"framework":[39],"for":[40],"automated":[42],"schemes":[46],"based":[47],"on":[48,146,178],"differentiable":[49],"programming.":[50],"We":[51,218],"apply":[52],"this":[53,69],"state":[57,140,181,210],"preparation":[58],"stabilization":[60],"qubit":[63,206],"subjected":[64],"homodyne":[66,160,171],"detection.":[67],"To":[68,111],"end,":[70],"formulate":[72],"task":[75],"an":[77],"optimization":[78],"problem":[79],"where":[80],"loss":[82,122],"function":[83,123],"quantifies":[84],"distance":[86],"from":[87,120],"target":[89,209],"state,":[90],"employ":[93],"neural":[94],"networks":[95],"(NNs)":[96],"controllers.":[98],"The":[99,166],"system\u2019s":[100],"time":[101],"evolution":[102],"governed":[104],"by":[105,186,224],"differential":[108],"equation":[109],"(SDE).":[110],"implement":[112],"training,":[114],"backpropagate":[116],"gradient":[118],"through":[124],"SDE":[126],"solver":[127],"using":[128],"adjoint":[129],"sensitivity":[130],"methods.":[131],"As":[132,152],"first":[134],"example,":[135,155],"feed":[137,158],"controller":[143,200],"focus":[145],"different":[147],"methods":[148],"obtaining":[150],"gradients.":[151],"second":[154],"directly":[157],"detection":[161],"signal":[162],"controller.":[165],"instantaneous":[167],"value":[168],"current":[172],"contains":[173],"only":[174],"very":[175],"limited":[176],"actual":[180],"system,":[184],"masked":[185],"unavoidable":[187],"photon-number":[188],"fluctuations.":[189],"Despite":[190],"resulting":[192],"poor":[193],"signal-to-noise":[194],"ratio,":[195],"can":[197],"train":[198],"our":[199],"prepare":[202],"stabilize":[204],"with":[211],"mean":[213],"fidelity":[214],"around":[216],"85%.":[217],"also":[219],"compare":[220],"solutions":[222],"found":[223],"NN":[226],"hand-crafted":[229],"strategy.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2021-01-18T00:00:00"}