{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3031158645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/abc81f","title":"Classifying global state preparation via deep reinforcement learning","display_name":"Classifying global state preparation via deep reinforcement learning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3031158645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/abc81f","mag":"3031158645"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2632-2153/abc81f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/abc81f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200687","display_name":"Machine Learning Science and Technology","issn_l":"2632-2153","issn":["2632-2153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning: Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/abc81f","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tobias Haug","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2707-9962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115455960","display_name":"Centre for Quantum Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/01mgdzc49","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115455960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Haug","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2707-9962","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115455960","https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wai-Keong Mok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1920-5407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115455960","display_name":"Centre for Quantum Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/01mgdzc49","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115455960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3004594783","display_name":"Institute of High Performance Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0ejh50","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wai-Keong Mok","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore","Department of Electronics and Photonics, Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis Way, 16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1920-5407","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115455960","https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Photonics, Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis Way, 16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3004594783"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jia-Bin You","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3004594783","display_name":"Institute of High Performance Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0ejh50","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia-Bin You","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Photonics, Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis Way, 16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Photonics, Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis Way, 16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3004594783"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wenzu Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3004594783","display_name":"Institute of High Performance Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0ejh50","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenzu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Photonics, Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis Way, 16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Photonics, Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis Way, 16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3004594783"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ching Eng Png","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3004594783","display_name":"Institute of High Performance Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0ejh50","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ching Eng Png","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Photonics, Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis Way, 16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Photonics, Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis Way, 16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3004594783"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Leong-Chuan Kwek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115455960","display_name":"Centre for Quantum Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/01mgdzc49","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115455960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114908","display_name":"UMI MajuLab","ror":"https://ror.org/027jrtw17","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I172675005","https://openalex.org/I201841394","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210114908"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leong-Chuan Kwek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore","MajuLab, CNRS-UNS-NUS-NTU International Joint Research Unit, UMI 3654, Singapore","National Institute of Education and Institute of Advanced Studies, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Block S2.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115455960","https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MajuLab, CNRS-UNS-NUS-NTU International Joint Research Unit, UMI 3654, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Education and Institute of Advanced Studies, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Block S2.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115455960","https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1962},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1962},"fwci":3.5213,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9399313,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"01LT02","last_page":"01LT02"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.4659000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.4659000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.14419999718666077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.06379999965429306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6315000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-state","display_name":"Quantum state","score":0.5903000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superposition-principle","display_name":"Superposition principle","score":0.5900999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bloch-sphere","display_name":"Bloch sphere","score":0.5706999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.5458999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5346999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.49729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4691999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.41260001063346863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6315000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15706264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230883","display_name":"Quantum state","level":3,"score":0.5903000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27753989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284885","display_name":"Superposition principle","level":2,"score":0.5900999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5831999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136277988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884593","display_name":"Bloch sphere","level":4,"score":0.5706999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5458999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5346999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.49729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4691999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.41260001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55615164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830791","display_name":"Quantum superposition","level":3,"score":0.39239999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.35269999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778926657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum system","level":3,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190463098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081419","display_name":"Quantum technology","level":4,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987822364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122216","display_name":"Quantum information processing","level":3,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89143813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105423","display_name":"Quantum sensor","level":5,"score":0.2644999921321869}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/2632-2153/abc81f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/abc81f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200687","display_name":"Machine Learning Science and Technology","issn_l":"2632-2153","issn":["2632-2153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning: Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2005.12759","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.12759","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.12759","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2632-2153/abc81f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/abc81f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200687","display_name":"Machine Learning Science and Technology","issn_l":"2632-2153","issn":["2632-2153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning: Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970354341","https://openalex.org/W1990170773","https://openalex.org/W2002181702","https://openalex.org/W2059836092","https://openalex.org/W2081783287","https://openalex.org/W2089530258","https://openalex.org/W2094375774","https://openalex.org/W2100944961","https://openalex.org/W2144733224","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2414456771","https://openalex.org/W2496556349","https://openalex.org/W2761015455","https://openalex.org/W2805713135","https://openalex.org/W2884199211","https://openalex.org/W2884775584","https://openalex.org/W2902817948","https://openalex.org/W2911992663","https://openalex.org/W2923537029","https://openalex.org/W2940610792","https://openalex.org/W2941137921","https://openalex.org/W2948244328","https://openalex.org/W2952203743","https://openalex.org/W2956190664","https://openalex.org/W3021916011"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Quantum":[1],"information":[2],"processing":[3],"often":[4],"requires":[5],"the":[6,15,18,34,75,101],"preparation":[7,116],"of":[8,59,87,111,124],"arbitrary":[9,97],"quantum":[10,52,126,128,132],"states,":[11,31],"such":[12],"as":[13],"all":[14],"states":[16,60,99],"on":[17],"Bloch":[19],"sphere":[20],"for":[21,84,100],"two-level":[22],"systems.":[23],"While":[24],"numerical":[25],"optimization":[26],"can":[27,42],"prepare":[28],"individual":[29],"target":[30,46],"they":[32],"lack":[33],"ability":[35],"to":[36],"find":[37],"general":[38],"control":[39,53,123],"protocols":[40,66,76,88,112],"that":[41],"generate":[43,96],"many":[44],"different":[45],"states.":[47],"Here,":[48],"we":[49,95],"demonstrate":[50],"global":[51],"by":[54,114],"preparing":[55],"a":[56],"continuous":[57],"set":[58],"with":[61],"deep":[62],"reinforcement":[63],"learning.":[64],"The":[65],"are":[67],"represented":[68],"using":[69],"neural":[70],"networks,":[71],"which":[72,80],"automatically":[73],"groups":[74],"into":[77],"similar":[78],"types,":[79],"could":[81,120],"be":[82],"useful":[83],"finding":[85],"classes":[86,110],"and":[89,131],"extracting":[90],"physical":[91],"insights.":[92],"As":[93],"application,":[94],"superposition":[98],"electron":[102],"spin":[103],"in":[104],"complex":[105],"multi-level":[106],"nitrogen-vacancy":[107],"centers,":[108],"revealing":[109],"characterized":[113],"specific":[115],"timescales.":[117],"Our":[118],"method":[119],"help":[121],"improve":[122],"near-term":[125],"computers,":[127],"sensing":[129],"devices":[130],"simulations.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2020-06-05T00:00:00"}
