{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011509423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/aba042","title":"Compressing deep neural networks on FPGAs to binary and ternary precision with <tt>hls4ml</tt>","display_name":"Compressing deep neural networks on FPGAs to binary and ternary precision with <tt>hls4ml</tt>","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011509423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/aba042","mag":"3011509423"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2632-2153/aba042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/aba042","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2632-2153/aba042/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200687","display_name":"Machine Learning Science and Technology","issn_l":"2632-2153","issn":["2632-2153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning: Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2632-2153/aba042/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jennifer Ngadiuba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0055-2935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","display_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01ggx4157","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Ngadiuba","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0055-2935","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Vladimir Loncar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","display_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01ggx4157","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Loncar","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Maurizio Pierini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","display_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01ggx4157","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maurizio Pierini","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sioni Summers","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","display_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01ggx4157","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sioni Summers","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Giuseppe Di Guglielmo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Di Guglielmo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Javier Duarte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5076-7096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Duarte","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5076-7096","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Philip Harris","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dylan Rankin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dylan Rankin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sergo Jindariani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314696892","display_name":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/020hgte69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210114836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergo Jindariani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mia Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314696892","display_name":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/020hgte69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210114836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mia Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kevin Pedro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314696892","display_name":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/020hgte69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210114836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Pedro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nhan Tran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314696892","display_name":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/020hgte69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210114836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nhan Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314696892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Edward Kreinar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800368429","display_name":"Hawkeye Community College","ror":"https://ror.org/02b1scj45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800368429"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Kreinar","raw_affiliation_strings":["HawkEye360, Herndon, VA 20170, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HawkEye360, Herndon, VA 20170, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800368429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sheila Sagear","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheila Sagear","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhenbin Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenbin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Duc Hoang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117979880","display_name":"Rhodes College","ror":"https://ror.org/049xfwy04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117979880"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duc Hoang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117979880"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":16,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67311998","https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1962},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1962},"fwci":6.0358,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":94,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97039988,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"015001","last_page":"015001"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.15369999408721924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.15369999408721924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13650","display_name":"Computational Physics and Python Applications","score":0.07419999688863754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.07329999655485153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.7735999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.73089998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.6699000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.65829998254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6355000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ternary-operation","display_name":"Ternary operation","score":0.5958999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floating-point","display_name":"Floating point","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.49880000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4065000116825104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.7735999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.73089998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7195000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.6699000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.65829998254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6355000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64452783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1524945","display_name":"Ternary operation","level":2,"score":0.5958999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5101000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84211073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117879","display_name":"Floating point","level":2,"score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.49880000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4065000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779190172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913888","display_name":"Binary data","level":3,"score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.35580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.34929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123860398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934605","display_name":"Multiclass classification","level":3,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37061001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3531721","display_name":"Binary Independence Model","level":3,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/2632-2153/aba042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/aba042","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2632-2153/aba042/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200687","display_name":"Machine Learning Science and Technology","issn_l":"2632-2153","issn":["2632-2153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning: Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2003.06308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2003.06308","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.06308","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1616314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1616314","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1616314","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:2715322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/2715322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2632-2153/aba042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/aba042","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2632-2153/aba042/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200687","display_name":"Machine Learning Science and Technology","issn_l":"2632-2153","issn":["2632-2153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning: Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2996425081","display_name":"machine learning for Particle Physics","funder_award_id":"772369","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","funder_display_name":"H2020 European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3332244860","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"190444","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3347780321","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1934700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G498139845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5178502699","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1836650","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5787990378","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1606321","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6558272803","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7206718122","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1931469","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8793210043","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"115164","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G969889393","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309369","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","display_name":"Office of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmn6b08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337511","display_name":"High Energy Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/035m6g344"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","display_name":"H2020 European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011509423.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1572063013","https://openalex.org/W2117562417","https://openalex.org/W2565125333","https://openalex.org/W2586654419","https://openalex.org/W2783538964","https://openalex.org/W2954451655","https://openalex.org/W2968312879"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,60],"present":[1],"the":[2,11,43,49,53,62,105,117,131],"implementation":[3,126,134],"of":[4,52,89],"binary":[5,57,123],"and":[6,67,79,109,124],"ternary":[7,125],"neural":[8,19],"networks":[9],"in":[10],"hls4ml":[12],"library,":[13],"designed":[14],"to":[15,22,41,56,75,130],"automatically":[16],"convert":[17],"deep":[18],"network":[20,54,90],"models":[21,31],"digital":[23],"circuits":[24],"with":[25,33,104,112],"FPGA":[26,139],"firmware.":[27],"Starting":[28],"from":[29],"benchmark":[30],"trained":[32],"floating":[34],"point":[35],"precision,":[36],"we":[37,72,95],"investigate":[38],"different":[39],"strategies":[40],"reduce":[42],"network's":[44],"resource":[45,68],"consumption":[46],"by":[47,81],"reducing":[48],"numerical":[50],"precision":[51,84,133],"parameters":[55],"or":[58],"ternary.":[59],"discuss":[61],"trade-off":[63],"between":[64,77],"model":[65],"accuracy":[66,80],"consumption.":[69],"In":[70],"addition,":[71],"show":[73],"how":[74],"balance":[76],"latency":[78],"retaining":[82],"full":[83],"on":[85],"a":[86],"selected":[87],"subset":[88],"components.":[91],"As":[92],"an":[93],"example,":[94],"consider":[96],"two":[97],"multiclass":[98],"classification":[99],"tasks:":[100],"handwritten":[101],"digit":[102],"recognition":[103],"MNIST":[106],"data":[107],"set":[108],"jet":[110],"identification":[111],"simulated":[113],"proton-proton":[114],"collisions":[115],"at":[116],"CERN":[118],"Large":[119],"Hadron":[120],"Collider.":[121],"The":[122],"has":[127],"similar":[128],"performance":[129],"higher":[132],"while":[135],"using":[136],"drastically":[137],"fewer":[138],"resources.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-14T07:44:22.658603","created_date":"2020-03-23T00:00:00"}