{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2964987940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/ab42ec","title":"Embedding human heuristics in machine-learning-enabled probe microscopy","display_name":"Embedding human heuristics in machine-learning-enabled probe microscopy","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2964987940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/ab42ec","mag":"2964987940"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2632-2153/ab42ec","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/ab42ec","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2632-2153/ab42ec/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200687","display_name":"Machine Learning Science and Technology","issn_l":"2632-2153","issn":["2632-2153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning: Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2632-2153/ab42ec/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067151260","display_name":"Oliver Gordon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8733-7500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oliver M Gordon","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8733-7500","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078071767","display_name":"Filipe Junqueira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6121-5983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Filipe L Q Junqueira","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078389964","display_name":"Philip Moriarty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9926-9004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philip J Moriarty","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9926-9004","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067151260","https://openalex.org/A5078071767","https://openalex.org/A5078389964"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1962},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1962},"fwci":2.503,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89357513,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"015001","last_page":"015001"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10923","display_name":"Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10923","display_name":"Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10857","display_name":"Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1315","display_name":"Structural Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.7665964961051941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6974334716796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microscopy","display_name":"Microscopy","score":0.5282872319221497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5125119686126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48612165451049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38793328404426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17034390568733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1302746832370758}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.7665964961051941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6974334716796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147080431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953","display_name":"Microscopy","level":2,"score":0.5282872319221497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5125119686126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48612165451049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38793328404426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17034390568733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1302746832370758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/2632-2153/ab42ec","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/ab42ec","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2632-2153/ab42ec/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200687","display_name":"Machine Learning Science and Technology","issn_l":"2632-2153","issn":["2632-2153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning: Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1907.13401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.13401","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.13401","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nottingham-repository.worktribe.com:3918817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/3918817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/2632-2153/ab42ec","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/ab42ec","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2632-2153/ab42ec/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200687","display_name":"Machine Learning Science and Technology","issn_l":"2632-2153","issn":["2632-2153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning: Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3118562129","display_name":"Mechanochemistry at the Single Bond Limit: Towards "Deterministic Epitaxy" [Resubmission]","funder_award_id":"EP/N02379X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3375077329","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N02379X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321010","display_name":"Universiteit Utrecht","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2964987940.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2964987940.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481792836","https://openalex.org/W1499380960","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1947481528","https://openalex.org/W1966884310","https://openalex.org/W1967445304","https://openalex.org/W1986329054","https://openalex.org/W1992583470","https://openalex.org/W2019565343","https://openalex.org/W2019929765","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2069946400","https://openalex.org/W2080074668","https://openalex.org/W2091394385","https://openalex.org/W2093811408","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2116645428","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2161672655","https://openalex.org/W2162887464","https://openalex.org/W2167080919","https://openalex.org/W2312366206","https://openalex.org/W2314514337","https://openalex.org/W2342777632","https://openalex.org/W2508429489","https://openalex.org/W2524583175","https://openalex.org/W2557283755","https://openalex.org/W2563104365","https://openalex.org/W2620518020","https://openalex.org/W2742947407","https://openalex.org/W2743481823","https://openalex.org/W2781774348","https://openalex.org/W2788901019","https://openalex.org/W2842665777","https://openalex.org/W2884001105","https://openalex.org/W2913763077","https://openalex.org/W2915219950","https://openalex.org/W2925000764","https://openalex.org/W2953283096","https://openalex.org/W2963475663","https://openalex.org/W3098847359","https://openalex.org/W3100497712","https://openalex.org/W3103445856","https://openalex.org/W3104626306","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6640617836","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6759401897"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347","https://openalex.org/W4210805261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Scanning":[1],"probe":[2,39,82,125],"microscopists":[3],"generally":[4],"do":[5],"not":[6,31],"rely":[7],"on":[8,57,91],"complete":[9,182],"images":[10],"to":[11,81,85,116,201],"assess":[12],"the":[13,24,27,34,58,99,117,142,203,206],"quality":[14],"of":[15,23,26,48,60,64,77,162,166,180,205],"data":[16,96],"acquired":[17],"during":[18,103],"a":[19,45,61,154,159,163,177,181,199],"scan.":[20],"Instead,":[21],"assessments":[22],"state":[25,204],"tip":[28,105,143,172,207],"apex,":[29],"which":[30,133],"only":[32],"determines":[33],"resolution":[35],"in":[36,54,114,141,195,209],"any":[37],"scanning":[38],"technique,":[40],"but":[41],"can":[42,145],"also":[43],"generate":[44],"wide":[46],"array":[47],"frustrating":[49],"artefacts,":[50],"are":[51,109],"carried":[52],"out":[53],"real":[55,210],"time":[56],"basis":[59],"few":[62],"lines":[63],"an":[65],"image":[66,136],"(and,":[67],"typically,":[68],"their":[69],"associated":[70],"line":[71],"profiles.)":[72],"The":[73],"very":[74],"small":[75,164,178],"number":[76],"machine":[78],"learning":[79],"approaches":[80],"microscopy":[83],"published":[84],"date,":[86],"however,":[87],"involve":[88],"classifications":[89],"based":[90],"full":[92],"images.":[93],"Given":[94],"that":[95,171],"acquisition":[97],"is":[98,174],"most":[100],"time-consuming":[101],"task":[102],"routine":[104],"conditioning,":[106],"automated":[107],"methods":[108],"thus":[110],"currently":[111],"extremely":[112],"slow":[113],"comparison":[115],"tried-and-trusted":[118],"strategies":[119,131],"and":[120,158],"heuristics":[121],"used":[122],"routinely":[123],"by":[124,132],"microscopists.":[126],"Here,":[127],"we":[128,169],"explore":[129],"various":[130],"different":[134],"STM":[135],"classes":[137],"(arising":[138],"from":[139,149],"changes":[140],"state)":[144],"be":[146],"correctly":[147],"identified":[148],"partial":[150],"scans.":[151],"By":[152],"employing":[153],"secondary":[155],"temporal":[156],"network":[157],"rolling":[160],"window":[161],"group":[165],"individual":[167],"scanlines,":[168],"find":[170],"assessment":[173],"possible":[175],"with":[176,187],"fraction":[179],"image.":[183],"We":[184],"achieve":[185],"this":[186],"little-to-no":[188],"performance":[189,194],"penalty\u2014or,":[190],"indeed,":[191],"markedly":[192],"improved":[193],"some":[196],"cases\u2014and":[197],"introduce":[198],"protocol":[200],"detect":[202],"apex":[208],"time.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}