{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2042950268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-1846/2/4/005","title":"An introduction to snapshot algorithms in distributed computing","display_name":"An introduction to snapshot algorithms in distributed computing","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2042950268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-1846/2/4/005","mag":"2042950268"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0967-1846/2/4/005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-1846/2/4/005","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0967-1846/2/4/005/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87816165","display_name":"Distributed Systems Engineering","issn_l":"0967-1846","issn":["0967-1846","1361-6390"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Distributed Systems Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0967-1846/2/4/005/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030287525","display_name":"Ajay D. Kshemkalyani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2451-7306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309191912","display_name":"Research Triangle Park Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03eqttr49","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309191912"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A D Kshemkalyani","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA","Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago,#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309191912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001545243","display_name":"Michel Raynal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3355-8719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309191912","display_name":"Research Triangle Park Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03eqttr49","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309191912"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Raynal","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA","IBM, ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309191912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM, ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058282709","display_name":"Mukesh Singhal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0497-1942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309191912","display_name":"Research Triangle Park Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03eqttr49","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309191912"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Singhal","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA","IBM, ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309191912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM, ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5067,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72765771,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":"224","last_page":"233"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12288","display_name":"Optimization and Search Problems","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snapshot","display_name":"Snapshot (computer storage)","score":0.925622820854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8811914324760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fifo","display_name":"FIFO (computing and electronics)","score":0.70624840259552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5733161568641663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-the-fly","display_name":"On the fly","score":0.5221434235572815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.45489683747291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.45015472173690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-algorithm","display_name":"Distributed algorithm","score":0.412860244512558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37016671895980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10053369402885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07264617085456848}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55282118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252683","display_name":"Snapshot (computer storage)","level":2,"score":0.925622820854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8811914324760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777145635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515636","display_name":"FIFO (computing and electronics)","level":2,"score":0.70624840259552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5733161568641663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781020372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533093","display_name":"On the fly","level":2,"score":0.5221434235572815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.45489683747291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.45015472173690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130120984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835898","display_name":"Distributed algorithm","level":2,"score":0.412860244512558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37016671895980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10053369402885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07264617085456848}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/0967-1846/2/4/005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-1846/2/4/005","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0967-1846/2/4/005/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87816165","display_name":"Distributed Systems Engineering","issn_l":"0967-1846","issn":["0967-1846","1361-6390"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Distributed Systems Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0967-1846/2/4/005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-1846/2/4/005","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0967-1846/2/4/005/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87816165","display_name":"Distributed Systems Engineering","issn_l":"0967-1846","issn":["0967-1846","1361-6390"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Distributed Systems Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W97831774","https://openalex.org/W155983347","https://openalex.org/W424338789","https://openalex.org/W1529718300","https://openalex.org/W1550836440","https://openalex.org/W1704118652","https://openalex.org/W1859503347","https://openalex.org/W1987884672","https://openalex.org/W1993143336","https://openalex.org/W2032933946","https://openalex.org/W2056042192","https://openalex.org/W2059328141","https://openalex.org/W2098613911","https://openalex.org/W2100559484","https://openalex.org/W2117941874","https://openalex.org/W2118153508","https://openalex.org/W2130004097","https://openalex.org/W2131053137","https://openalex.org/W2132545874","https://openalex.org/W2132773226","https://openalex.org/W2138185327"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2542847180","https://openalex.org/W3034994054","https://openalex.org/W2155226960","https://openalex.org/W2805712290","https://openalex.org/W2909129499","https://openalex.org/W2761598930","https://openalex.org/W2171366467","https://openalex.org/W2029909844","https://openalex.org/W3166774789","https://openalex.org/W1971681150"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recording":[0],"on-the-fly":[1,100],"global":[2,53],"states":[3],"of":[4,45,108,114],"distributed":[5,57,89],"executions":[6],"is":[7,13,37],"an":[8],"important":[9],"paradigm":[10],"when":[11],"one":[12],"interested":[14],"in":[15,55,66,91],"analysing,":[16],"testing,":[17],"or":[18],"verifying":[19],"properties":[20,113],"associated":[21],"with":[22],"these":[23,67],"executions.":[24],"Since":[25],"Chandy":[26],"and":[27,51,121],"Lamport`s":[28],"(1985)":[29],"seminal":[30],"paper":[31,78],"on":[32],"this":[33,35,74],"topic,":[34],"problem":[36,75],"called":[38],"the":[39,43,61,112],"snapshot":[40],"problem.":[41],"Unfortunately,":[42],"lack":[44],"both":[46],"a":[47,52,56,92],"globally":[48],"shared":[49],"memory":[50],"clock":[54],"system,":[58],"added":[59],"to":[60,84,87,111],"fact":[62],"that":[63],"transfer":[64],"delays":[65],"systems":[68],"are":[69,103],"finite":[70],"but":[71],"unpredictable,":[72],"makes":[73],"non-trivial.":[76],"This":[77],"first":[79],"discusses":[80],"issues":[81],"which":[82,98],"have":[83],"be":[85],"addressed":[86],"compute":[88],"snapshots":[90,102],"consistent":[93],"way.":[94],"Then":[95],"several":[96,106],"algorithms":[97],"determine":[99],"such":[101],"presented":[104],"for":[105],"types":[107],"networks":[109],"(according":[110],"their":[115],"communication":[116],"channels,":[117],"namely,":[118],"FIFO,":[119],"non-FIFO,":[120],"causal":[122],"delivery).":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}