{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2401345337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1081/e-eia-120046543","title":"Return on Investment (ROI)","display_name":"Return on Investment (ROI)","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2401345337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1081/e-eia-120046543","mag":"2401345337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1081/e-eia-120046543","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1081/e-eia-120046543","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306509364","display_name":"Encyclopedia of Information Assurance","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Encyclopedia of Information Assurance","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"reference-entry","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079302166","display_name":"Carl Endorf","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carl F. Endorf","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079302166"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2496","last_page":"2498"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13901","display_name":"State Capitalism and Financial Governance","score":0.09539999812841415,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13901","display_name":"State Capitalism and Financial Governance","score":0.09539999812841415,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-on-investment","display_name":"Return on investment","score":0.6162091493606567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"Investment (military)","score":0.4604220390319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4079720079898834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.36607658863067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.1084037721157074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.09533414244651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.041372448205947876}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169549615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939134","display_name":"Return on investment","level":3,"score":0.6162091493606567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.4604220390319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4079720079898834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.36607658863067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1084037721157074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.09533414244651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.041372448205947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1081/e-eia-120046543","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1081/e-eia-120046543","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306509364","display_name":"Encyclopedia of Information Assurance","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Encyclopedia of Information Assurance","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502270454"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2046317627","https://openalex.org/W2384551111","https://openalex.org/W2391832805","https://openalex.org/W2247209792","https://openalex.org/W2377553480","https://openalex.org/W3202284637","https://openalex.org/W4205495435","https://openalex.org/W2373126823","https://openalex.org/W2530816244"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
