{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2789661661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2018.1451095","title":"Subjective Evaluation: A Comparison of Several Statistical Techniques","display_name":"Subjective Evaluation: A Comparison of Several Statistical Techniques","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2789661661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2018.1451095","mag":"2789661661"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839514.2018.1451095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2018.1451095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086864797","display_name":"Himani Mittal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3430-7452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51452335","display_name":"Panjab University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p2sbk06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51452335"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Himani Mittal","raw_affiliation_strings":[",","Department of Computer Science and Applications, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":",","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Applications, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51452335"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103012537","display_name":"M. Syamala Devi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51452335","display_name":"Panjab University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p2sbk06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51452335"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Syamala Devi","raw_affiliation_strings":[",","Department of Computer Science and Applications, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":",","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Applications, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51452335"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086864797"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51452335"],"apc_list":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1694,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57587125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"1","first_page":"85","last_page":"95"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9745000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8822258114814758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-semantic-analysis","display_name":"Latent semantic analysis","score":0.5309436321258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.522931694984436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java-programming-language","display_name":"Java Programming Language","score":0.48291417956352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4668503403663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.4226151704788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41006767749786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.38213539123535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3709772825241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34313899278640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.17178425192832947}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8822258114814758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170133592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806883","display_name":"Latent semantic analysis","level":2,"score":0.5309436321258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.522931694984436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908586218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java Programming Language","level":3,"score":0.48291417956352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4668503403663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.4226151704788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41006767749786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38213539123535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3709772825241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34313899278640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.17178425192832947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839514.2018.1451095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2018.1451095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7e701ef2c23c41f7b05b86e8baefe96b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7e701ef2c23c41f7b05b86e8baefe96b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence, Vol 32, Iss 1, Pp 85-95 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16424739","https://openalex.org/W254111267","https://openalex.org/W1485919316","https://openalex.org/W1549393725","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W1972485886","https://openalex.org/W1982795102","https://openalex.org/W2001402876","https://openalex.org/W2089150068","https://openalex.org/W2090733459","https://openalex.org/W2090776238","https://openalex.org/W2095346808","https://openalex.org/W2106518779","https://openalex.org/W2107743791","https://openalex.org/W2110637208","https://openalex.org/W2113532898","https://openalex.org/W2118426465","https://openalex.org/W2147152072","https://openalex.org/W2158240052","https://openalex.org/W2159756799","https://openalex.org/W2529922155"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502256359","https://openalex.org/W1538236101","https://openalex.org/W1571558219","https://openalex.org/W1558040955","https://openalex.org/W185412380","https://openalex.org/W2383710934","https://openalex.org/W2168198346","https://openalex.org/W2057087473","https://openalex.org/W2318930520","https://openalex.org/W2348941498"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evaluation":[0,49],"of":[1,11,88,95,99,130,132,138,145,151],"subjective":[2],"examinations":[3],"using":[4,66,85],"computerized":[5],"tools":[6],"has":[7],"been":[8,24,78],"a":[9,86,103],"topic":[10],"research":[12,31],"for":[13,123],"more":[14],"than":[15],"four":[16],"decades.":[17],"Several":[18],"statistical":[19],"and":[20,52,71,80,143],"mathematical":[21],"techniques":[22,63,101],"have":[23,77],"proposed":[25,36],"by":[26,127],"various":[27],"researchers.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30],"work,":[32],"the":[33,110,115,136,149,156],"several":[34],"methods":[35],"earlier":[37],"like":[38],"Latent":[39,44],"Semantic":[40,45],"Analysis":[41,46],"(LSA),":[42],"Generalized":[43],"(GLSA),":[47],"Bilingual":[48],"Understudy":[50],"(BLEU),":[51],"Maximum":[53],"Entropy":[54],"(MaxEnt)":[55],"are":[56,64,83,153],"compared":[57],"on":[58,102,148],"common":[59,104],"input":[60],"data.":[61],"The":[62,120,141],"implemented":[65],"Java":[67],"programming":[68],"language,":[69],"MatLab,":[70],"other":[72],"open":[73],"source":[74],"tools.":[75],"Experiments":[76],"conducted":[79],"developed":[81],"prototypes":[82],"tested":[84],"database":[87,105,121],"4500":[89],"answers":[90],"with":[91],"approximately":[92],"50":[93],"questions":[94],"computer":[96,139],"science.":[97,140],"Comparison":[98],"these":[100],"is":[106,118,125],"not":[107],"available":[108],"in":[109,135,155],"literature":[111],"as":[112,114],"far":[113],"authors'":[116],"review":[117],"concerned.":[119],"used":[122],"testing":[124],"collected":[126],"conducting":[128],"tests":[129],"students":[131],"graduate":[133],"level":[134],"field":[137],"pros":[142],"cons":[144],"each":[146],"technique":[147],"basis":[150],"experiments":[152],"discussed":[154],"paper.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}