{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1967186445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03610910701723625","title":"Determination of the Selection Statistics and Best Significance Level in Backward Stepwise Logistic Regression","display_name":"Determination of the Selection Statistics and Best Significance Level in Backward Stepwise Logistic Regression","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1967186445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03610910701723625","mag":"1967186445"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/03610910701723625","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03610910701723625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153329750","display_name":"Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation","issn_l":"0361-0918","issn":["0361-0918","1532-4141"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101663459","display_name":"Qinggang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4200-307X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qinggang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario, Canada","Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012475362","display_name":"John J. Koval","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2020-3107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John J. Koval","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario, Canada","Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031408367","display_name":"Catherine A. Mills","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine A. Mills","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario, Canada","Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080384056","display_name":"Kang-In David Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang-In David Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["ApoPharma Inc. , Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ApoPharma Inc. , Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101663459"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.895,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76593728,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"1","first_page":"62","last_page":"72"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11871","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11871","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.7979036569595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistic","display_name":"Statistic","score":0.7663573026657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stepwise-regression","display_name":"Stepwise regression","score":0.7137288451194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression","display_name":"Logistic regression","score":0.6830782890319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5928447842597961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.499920129776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-selection","display_name":"Model selection","score":0.45872849225997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.4345463514328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.34610822796821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.28548574447631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1316397488117218}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.7979036569595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89128539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963","display_name":"Statistic","level":2,"score":0.7663573026657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170964787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7611170","display_name":"Stepwise regression","level":2,"score":0.7137288451194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.6830782890319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5928447842597961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.499920129776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93959086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888345","display_name":"Model selection","level":2,"score":0.45872849225997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.4345463514328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.34610822796821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28548574447631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1316397488117218}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/03610910701723625","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03610910701723625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153329750","display_name":"Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation","issn_l":"0361-0918","issn":["0361-0918","1532-4141"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968786532","https://openalex.org/W1973948212","https://openalex.org/W2004874474","https://openalex.org/W2013504223","https://openalex.org/W2016966976","https://openalex.org/W2019300001","https://openalex.org/W2021399500","https://openalex.org/W2030193738","https://openalex.org/W2034562813","https://openalex.org/W2037668591","https://openalex.org/W2040615655","https://openalex.org/W2041208063","https://openalex.org/W2052779929","https://openalex.org/W2052861226","https://openalex.org/W2067970576","https://openalex.org/W2074703669","https://openalex.org/W2076595397","https://openalex.org/W2109325327","https://openalex.org/W2140273368","https://openalex.org/W2327691244","https://openalex.org/W2403035479","https://openalex.org/W2470115906","https://openalex.org/W2483479423","https://openalex.org/W2502759836","https://openalex.org/W2904853484","https://openalex.org/W4230748405","https://openalex.org/W4237525405","https://openalex.org/W4239955091","https://openalex.org/W4243562335","https://openalex.org/W4246491055","https://openalex.org/W4249991467","https://openalex.org/W4254918962","https://openalex.org/W4255667733","https://openalex.org/W4299689471","https://openalex.org/W4376453096"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1884358801","https://openalex.org/W3136161187","https://openalex.org/W1871897844","https://openalex.org/W2383145494","https://openalex.org/W1574918455","https://openalex.org/W2087734068","https://openalex.org/W2388138725","https://openalex.org/W4214567198","https://openalex.org/W4224257258","https://openalex.org/W2116656460"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"process":[1],"of":[2,15,81,86,103,113,143,172],"building":[3],"a":[4,82,165,169,182,193],"subset":[5],"model":[6],"in":[7],"backward":[8],"stepwise":[9],"logistic":[10],"regression":[11],"for":[12,42,147],"the":[13,38,43,77,87,121,131,141,157,187],"purpose":[14],"prediction":[16,83],"relies":[17],"on":[18],"two":[19],"separate":[20],"criteria:":[21,49],"selection":[22,48,132,166],"criteria":[23],"and":[24,46,57,128,135,168],"stopping":[25,44,170],"criteria.":[26],"SAS/IML":[27],"programs":[28],"were":[29],"written":[30],"to":[31,36],"provide":[32],"Monte":[33],"Carlo":[34],"simulations":[35],"determine":[37],"best":[39,122],"\u03b1":[40,123,137,175,195],"level":[41],"criterion":[45,171],"three":[47],"Log-likelihood":[50],"ratio":[51],"statistic":[52,55,59],"(LR),":[53],"Score":[54],"(SC),":[56],"Wald's":[58],"(WD).":[60],"Performance":[61],"was":[62],"evaluated":[63],"using":[64],"Efron's":[65],"(Efron":[66],"1986":[67,72],"Efron":[68],",":[69,106],"B.":[70],"(":[71,92],").":[73],"How":[74],"biased":[75],"is":[76,155],"apparent":[78],"error":[79,111],"rate":[80,112],"rule?":[84],"Journal":[85],"American":[88],"Statistical":[89],"Association":[90],"81":[91],"394":[93],"):":[94],"461":[95],"\u2013":[96],"470":[97],".[Taylor":[98],"&":[99],"Francis":[100],"Online],":[101],"[Web":[102],"Science":[104],"\u00ae]":[105],"[Google":[107],"Scholar])":[108],"estimated":[109],"true":[110],"prediction.":[114],"In":[115],"our":[116],"study,":[117],"we":[118],"found":[119],"that":[120,156],"varied":[124],"around":[125],"between":[126],"0.24":[127],"0.40.":[129],"For":[130],"criteria,":[133],"LR":[134,158],"SC,":[136],"significantly":[138],"decreased":[139],"with":[140,181,186],"number":[142],"predictor":[144],"variables,":[145,189],"but":[146],"WD":[148],"it":[149],"did":[150],"not.":[151],"An":[152],"overall":[153],"recommendation":[154],"or":[159],"SC":[160],"should":[161,178,191],"be":[162,179],"used":[163],"as":[164],"criterion,":[167],"0.20":[173],"\u2264":[174,176],"0.40":[177],"used,":[180],"further":[183],"refinement":[184],"that,":[185],"fewer":[188],"one":[190],"use":[192],"larger":[194],"level.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
