{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1964199065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290500066661","title":"A retrospective look at website accessibility over time","display_name":"A retrospective look at website accessibility over time","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1964199065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290500066661","mag":"1964199065"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01449290500066661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290500066661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123849098","display_name":"Behaviour and Information Technology","issn_l":"0144-929X","issn":["0144-929X","1362-3001"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behaviour &amp; Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088468833","display_name":"Stephanie Hackett","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Hackett","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , 15260 , USA Phone: + 1 412-383-6650"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , 15260 , USA Phone: + 1 412-383-6650","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048425761","display_name":"Bambang Parmanto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4907-8402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bambang Parmanto","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , 15260 , USA Phone: + 1 412-383-6650"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , 15260 , USA Phone: + 1 412-383-6650","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075692849","display_name":"Xiaoming Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7839-5020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186335123","display_name":"East Carolina University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vx35703","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186335123"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA","East Carolina University, Greenville, NC USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186335123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"East Carolina University, Greenville, NC USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186335123"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088468833"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.213,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96863691,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"6","first_page":"407","last_page":"417"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11514","display_name":"Disability Education and Employment","score":0.9182000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12207","display_name":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","score":0.9138000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.6525206565856934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analysis-of-variance","display_name":"Analysis of variance","score":0.5994782447814941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.5886921882629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.5808587670326233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-accessibility","display_name":"Web accessibility","score":0.5717241168022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-page","display_name":"Web page","score":0.5669588446617126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.5212324857711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.47016260027885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4549044072628021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.45177382230758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3970332741737366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34133291244506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.16768494248390198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14180713891983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-standards","display_name":"Web standards","score":0.10086029767990112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08315178751945496}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.6525206565856934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99476002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297","display_name":"Analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.5994782447814941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5886921882629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5808587670326233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194669863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808932","display_name":"Web accessibility","level":4,"score":0.5717241168022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21959979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36774","display_name":"Web page","level":2,"score":0.5669588446617126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.5212324857711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.47016260027885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4549044072628021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.45177382230758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3970332741737366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34133291244506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.16768494248390198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14180713891983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182321512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153289","display_name":"Web standards","level":3,"score":0.10086029767990112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08315178751945496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01449290500066661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290500066661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123849098","display_name":"Behaviour and Information Technology","issn_l":"0144-929X","issn":["0144-929X","1362-3001"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behaviour &amp; Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:tbitxx:v:24:y:2005:i:6:p:407-417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01449290500066661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58049692","https://openalex.org/W166322005","https://openalex.org/W170118551","https://openalex.org/W231179736","https://openalex.org/W280979762","https://openalex.org/W637241713","https://openalex.org/W1535239931","https://openalex.org/W1536719366","https://openalex.org/W1544720896","https://openalex.org/W1968341223","https://openalex.org/W1969491340","https://openalex.org/W1971067201","https://openalex.org/W2044808547","https://openalex.org/W2068912592","https://openalex.org/W2079487938","https://openalex.org/W2092656440","https://openalex.org/W2132874317","https://openalex.org/W2140840133","https://openalex.org/W2145562530","https://openalex.org/W2159831024","https://openalex.org/W2160490683","https://openalex.org/W2471615163","https://openalex.org/W2610881013","https://openalex.org/W4237398693","https://openalex.org/W4245467664"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046765700","https://openalex.org/W3010429453","https://openalex.org/W262455470","https://openalex.org/W3004061946","https://openalex.org/W4312474793","https://openalex.org/W2949434637","https://openalex.org/W4386031609","https://openalex.org/W1607615591","https://openalex.org/W2026473779","https://openalex.org/W2106946048"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Websites":[0],"were":[1,36,53,62,76],"retrospectively":[2],"analysed":[3],"to":[4,64,78,92,125,130,132,135],"study":[5],"the":[6,41,94,147],"effects":[7],"that":[8],"technological":[9],"advances":[10],"in":[11,81,115,152],"web":[12],"design":[13],"have":[14,129],"had":[15],"on":[16],"accessibility":[17,47,97],"for":[18,40,69],"persons":[19],"with":[20],"disabilities.":[21],"A":[22],"random":[23],"sample":[24,31],"of":[25,32,56,74,149],"general":[26,70],"websites":[27,35,101,110,139],"and":[28,38,50,59,85,98],"a":[29,126],"convenience":[30],"US":[33,82,108,137],"government":[34,83,109,138],"studied":[37],"compared":[39],"years":[42,68],"1997":[43],"\u2013":[44],"2002.":[45],"Web":[46],"barrier":[48],"(WAB)":[49],"complexity":[51,106,144],"scores":[52],"calculated.":[54],"Analysis":[55],"Variance":[57],"(ANOVA)":[58],"Tukey's":[60],"HSD":[61],"used":[63,77,151],"determine":[65],"differences":[66],"among":[67],"sites.":[71],"Repeated":[72],"measures":[73],"ANOVA":[75],"analyse":[79],"trends":[80],"sites,":[84],"Pearson's":[86],"correlation":[87],"coefficient":[88],"(r)":[89],"was":[90],"computed":[91],"evaluate":[93],"relationship":[95],"between":[96],"complexity.":[99,116],"Random":[100],"become":[102],"progressively":[103],"inaccessible":[104],"as":[105],"increases.":[107],"remain":[111,140],"accessible":[112,141],"while":[113],"increasing":[114,133,143],"Increasing":[117],"complexity,":[118],"often":[119],"caused":[120],"by":[121,145],"adding":[122],"complex":[123],"components":[124],"Webpage,":[127],"doesn't":[128],"contribute":[131],"barriers":[134],"accessibility:":[136],"despite":[142],"limiting":[146],"number":[148],"scripts":[150],"Webpage":[153],"design.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
