{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3114976978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751839.2020.1838713","title":"The solution of the problem of unknown words under neural machine translation of the Kazakh language","display_name":"The solution of the problem of unknown words under neural machine translation of the Kazakh language","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3114976978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751839.2020.1838713","mag":"3114976978"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/24751839.2020.1838713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751839.2020.1838713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226961","display_name":"Journal of Information and Telecommunication","issn_l":"2475-1839","issn":["2475-1839","2475-1847"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information and Telecommunication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751839.2020.1838713","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080685628","display_name":"Aliya Turganbayeva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9660-6928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185571130","display_name":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0vrn42","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aliya Turganbayeva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9660-6928","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000744340","display_name":"Ualsher Tukeyev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9878-981X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185571130","display_name":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0vrn42","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ualsher Tukeyev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9878-981X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080685628"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"],"apc_list":{"value":925,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1134},"apc_paid":{"value":925,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1134},"fwci":0.1323,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60523733,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"214","last_page":"225"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9380999803543091,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kazakh","display_name":"Kazakh","score":0.8860384821891785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.799760639667511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.7290023565292358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7092256546020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6766979098320007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.6518015265464783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilingual-dictionary","display_name":"Bilingual dictionary","score":0.5179337859153748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.4747653007507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.4363926351070404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.4118577539920807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.2794264256954193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.15344852209091187}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781297163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9252","display_name":"Kazakh","level":2,"score":0.8860384821891785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.799760639667511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.7290023565292358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7092256546020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6766979098320007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.6518015265464783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779235283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2640207","display_name":"Bilingual dictionary","level":2,"score":0.5179337859153748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4747653007507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.4363926351070404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4118577539920807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2794264256954193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.15344852209091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/24751839.2020.1838713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751839.2020.1838713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226961","display_name":"Journal of Information and Telecommunication","issn_l":"2475-1839","issn":["2475-1839","2475-1847"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information and Telecommunication","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:16a16a5ca2704fefbc36a2c6ed76b42c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/16a16a5ca2704fefbc36a2c6ed76b42c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information and Telecommunication, Vol 5, Iss 2, Pp 214-225 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/24751839.2020.1838713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751839.2020.1838713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226961","display_name":"Journal of Information and Telecommunication","issn_l":"2475-1839","issn":["2475-1839","2475-1847"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information and Telecommunication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322726","display_name":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan","ror":"https://ror.org/03pj6ge82"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055866651","https://openalex.org/W2086039194","https://openalex.org/W2109396985","https://openalex.org/W2333611780","https://openalex.org/W2557825858","https://openalex.org/W2567289819","https://openalex.org/W2577335011","https://openalex.org/W2781679576","https://openalex.org/W2962944953","https://openalex.org/W2979478220","https://openalex.org/W2982866705","https://openalex.org/W3009495655"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2363093443","https://openalex.org/W4206915444","https://openalex.org/W4388766676","https://openalex.org/W2353302181","https://openalex.org/W2362181825","https://openalex.org/W2320680668","https://openalex.org/W2519027122","https://openalex.org/W2371351259","https://openalex.org/W3203990896","https://openalex.org/W2400846488"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,16,31,144,167],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,64,84,126,131],"solution":[4,18,170],"to":[5,78,97,106,156,171],"the":[6,22,27,34,39,45,48,61,71,76,107,114,120,123,135,139,149,157,165,172,180,195],"problem":[7,40,160,173],"of":[8,24,26,33,41,47,63,67,73,75,93,125,134,138,146,148,174,194],"unknown":[9,42,58,81,108,158,175],"words":[10,43,59,100,176],"for":[11,37,55,57,99,119],"neural":[12],"machine":[13],"translation":[14,133],"(NMT).":[15],"proposed":[17,35,54,168,196],"is":[19,51,87,95,142,152],"shown":[20],"by":[21],"example":[23],"NMT":[25,46,68,189,191],"Kazakh-English":[28,183],"language":[29,50,141,151],"pair.":[30],"novelty":[32],"technology":[36,169],"solving":[38],"in":[44,60,89,104,122,164,185],"Kazakh":[49,77,150],"an":[52,80],"algorithm":[53],"searching":[56],"dictionary":[62,72,92],"trained":[65,127],"model":[66],"and":[69,190],"using":[70,193],"synonyms":[74,94,116],"replace":[79],"word":[82,85,159],"with":[83,192],"that":[86,101],"close":[88],"meaning.":[90],"A":[91],"used":[96],"search":[98],"are":[102,117],"similar":[103],"meaning":[105],"words,":[109],"which":[110],"was":[111,177],"defined.":[112],"Moreover,":[113],"found":[115],"checked":[118],"presence":[121],"vocabulary":[124],"model.":[128],"After":[129],"that,":[130],"new":[132],"edited":[136],"sentence":[137],"source":[140],"performed.":[143],"base":[145],"words-synonyms":[147],"collected.":[153],"Software":[154],"solutions":[155],"have":[161],"been":[162],"developed":[163],"Python.":[166],"tested":[178],"on":[179],"two":[181],"parallel":[182],"corpus":[184],"both":[186],"variants:":[187],"baseline":[188],"technology.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}