{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3034273612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751839.2020.1767484","title":"Denial of service attack detection through machine learning for the IoT","display_name":"Denial of service attack detection through machine learning for the IoT","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3034273612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751839.2020.1767484","mag":"3034273612"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/24751839.2020.1767484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751839.2020.1767484","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/24751839.2020.1767484?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226961","display_name":"Journal of Information and Telecommunication","issn_l":"2475-1839","issn":["2475-1839","2475-1847"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information and Telecommunication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/24751839.2020.1767484?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036387527","display_name":"Naeem Syed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2450-4337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12079687","display_name":"Edith Cowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jhnwe22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Naeem Firdous Syed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Security Research Institute, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security Research Institute, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090563946","display_name":"Zubair Baig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9245-2703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zubair Baig","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055670196","display_name":"Ahmed Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-3533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12079687","display_name":"Edith Cowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jhnwe22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Security Research Institute, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security Research Institute, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038343278","display_name":"Craig Valli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-9791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12079687","display_name":"Edith Cowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jhnwe22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig Valli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Security Research Institute, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security Research Institute, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036387527"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12079687"],"apc_list":{"value":925,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1134},"apc_paid":{"value":925,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1134},"fwci":11.1733,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":137,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9865685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"482","last_page":"503"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mqtt","display_name":"MQTT","score":0.994040310382843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8193902969360352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.7426558136940002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/message-queue","display_name":"Message queue","score":0.6854923963546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6669396758079529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6437829732894897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.595643937587738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-layer","display_name":"Application layer","score":0.5496649146080017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4683140218257904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.42715004086494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.34711122512817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.2939508855342865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.13062283396720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10738471150398254}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132868160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10322548","display_name":"MQTT","level":3,"score":0.994040310382843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8193902969360352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.7426558136940002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26324664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1065525","display_name":"Message queue","level":2,"score":0.6854923963546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6669396758079529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6437829732894897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.595643937587738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190793597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189768","display_name":"Application layer","level":3,"score":0.5496649146080017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4683140218257904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.42715004086494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.34711122512817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2939508855342865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.13062283396720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10738471150398254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/24751839.2020.1767484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751839.2020.1767484","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/24751839.2020.1767484?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226961","display_name":"Journal of Information and Telecommunication","issn_l":"2475-1839","issn":["2475-1839","2475-1847"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information and Telecommunication","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ro.ecu.edu.au:ecuworkspost2013-9456","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworkspost2013/8450","pdf_url":"https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworkspost2013/8450","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765015692","display_name":"Australasian Journal of Paramedicine","issn_l":"2202-7270","issn":["2202-7270"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research outputs 2014 to 2021","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:db94d70ffd0845f181d9c17ae1f61e6e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/db94d70ffd0845f181d9c17ae1f61e6e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information and Telecommunication, Vol 4, Iss 4, Pp 482-503 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30143777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401102","display_name":"Own your potential (DEAKIN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20687785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Denial_of_service_attack_detection_through_machine_learning_for_the_IoT/20687785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/24751839.2020.1767484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751839.2020.1767484","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/24751839.2020.1767484?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226961","display_name":"Journal of Information and Telecommunication","issn_l":"2475-1839","issn":["2475-1839","2475-1847"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information and Telecommunication","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3034273612.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3034273612.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7103816","https://openalex.org/W604094558","https://openalex.org/W1494291086","https://openalex.org/W1606208191","https://openalex.org/W1632195884","https://openalex.org/W1964661113","https://openalex.org/W1973906278","https://openalex.org/W1984450112","https://openalex.org/W2003544295","https://openalex.org/W2025743285","https://openalex.org/W2052336620","https://openalex.org/W2058401212","https://openalex.org/W2060987554","https://openalex.org/W2065955975","https://openalex.org/W2067598246","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2106035883","https://openalex.org/W2110734629","https://openalex.org/W2111574971","https://openalex.org/W2133990480","https://openalex.org/W2134598092","https://openalex.org/W2145540050","https://openalex.org/W2154971967","https://openalex.org/W2227969856","https://openalex.org/W2281120889","https://openalex.org/W2288803724","https://openalex.org/W2343519456","https://openalex.org/W2343571917","https://openalex.org/W2477357073","https://openalex.org/W2540373227","https://openalex.org/W2571824615","https://openalex.org/W2579896786","https://openalex.org/W2591569862","https://openalex.org/W2612809042","https://openalex.org/W2765491304","https://openalex.org/W2779139350","https://openalex.org/W2784134065","https://openalex.org/W2786647169","https://openalex.org/W2794081682","https://openalex.org/W2884383685","https://openalex.org/W2888505697","https://openalex.org/W2892556724","https://openalex.org/W3049666923","https://openalex.org/W3098765877","https://openalex.org/W6676742371","https://openalex.org/W6745499396"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4309750840","https://openalex.org/W2974197507","https://openalex.org/W3187039177","https://openalex.org/W4387163684","https://openalex.org/W3195514317","https://openalex.org/W2896754033","https://openalex.org/W4321440614","https://openalex.org/W2809902332","https://openalex.org/W4284992596","https://openalex.org/W4248270155"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sustained":[0],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,14,63,134,145],"Things":[3],"(IoT)":[4],"deployment":[5],"and":[6,95,101,141,175,196,204],"functioning":[7],"are":[8,40,205],"heavily":[9],"reliant":[10],"on":[11,99,137],"the":[12,20,23,37,92,97,109,125,132,143,146,159,163,182,201],"use":[13,49],"effective":[15],"data":[16],"communication":[17],"protocols.":[18],"In":[19,53,79,180],"IoT":[21,51,55,209],"landscape,":[22],"publish/subscribe-based":[24],"Message":[25],"Queuing":[26],"Telemetry":[27],"Transport":[28],"(MQTT)":[29],"protocol":[30,39,94,102],"is":[31,56],"popular.":[32],"Cyber":[33],"security":[34],"threats":[35],"against":[36],"MQTT":[38,93,110,126,139,173,183],"anticipated":[41],"to":[42,58,71,149,172],"increase":[43],"at":[44],"par":[45],"with":[46],"its":[47],"increasing":[48],"by":[50],"manufacturers.":[52],"particular,":[54],"vulnerable":[57],"protocol-based":[59],"Application":[60,85],"layer":[61,86],"Denial":[62],"Service":[64],"(DoS)":[65],"attacks,":[66,115],"which":[67],"have":[68,177,186],"been":[69,178],"known":[70],"cause":[72],"widespread":[73],"service":[74],"disruption":[75],"in":[76,207],"legacy":[77],"systems.":[78],"this":[80],"paper,":[81],"we":[82,116,130,185],"propose":[83,117],"an":[84],"DoS":[87,104],"attack":[88,105,190],"detection":[89,121,191],"framework":[90,122,148],"for":[91,124],"test":[96],"scheme":[98],"legitimate":[100,168],"compliant":[103],"scenarios.":[106],"To":[107],"protect":[108],"message":[111],"brokers":[112,140,174],"from":[113],"such":[114,135],"a":[118],"machine":[119],"learning-based":[120],"developed":[123],"protocol.":[127],"Through":[128],"experiments,":[129],"demonstrate":[131],"impact":[133],"attacks":[136],"various":[138],"evaluate":[142],"effectiveness":[144],"proposed":[147],"detect":[150],"these":[151],"malicious":[152],"attacks.":[153,211],"The":[154,193],"results":[155],"obtained":[156],"indicate":[157],"that":[158],"attackers":[160],"can":[161],"overwhelm":[162],"server":[164],"resources":[165,176],"even":[166],"when":[167],"access":[169],"was":[170],"denied":[171],"restricted.":[179],"addition,":[181],"features":[184,198],"identified":[187],"showed":[188],"high":[189],"accuracy.":[192],"field":[194],"size":[195],"length-based":[197],"drastically":[199],"reduced":[200],"false-positive":[202],"rates":[203],"suitable":[206],"detecting":[208],"based":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}