{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3174062167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24725854.2021.1944704","title":"The Implications of Rating Systems on Workforce Performance","display_name":"The Implications of Rating Systems on Workforce Performance","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3174062167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24725854.2021.1944704","mag":"3174062167"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/24725854.2021.1944704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24725854.2021.1944704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210225672","display_name":"IISE Transactions","issn_l":"2472-5854","issn":["2472-5854","2472-5862"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IISE Transactions","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100783055","display_name":"Christopher Green","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-4014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Green","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scheller College of Business, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30308"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scheller College of Business, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30308","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023634301","display_name":"Morvarid Rahmani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7504-2841"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Morvarid Rahmani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scheller College of Business, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30308"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scheller College of Business, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30308","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023634301"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1743,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52064643,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workforce","display_name":"Workforce","score":0.7461978793144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rating-system","display_name":"Rating system","score":0.690232515335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.530779242515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.43772563338279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rating-scale","display_name":"Rating scale","score":0.43276697397232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.41871780157089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.3708922863006592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuarial-science","display_name":"Actuarial science","score":0.34741753339767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.33987748622894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3150060176849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.23447459936141968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19419986009597778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.1650589406490326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07091522216796875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.7461978793144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988118254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16881889","display_name":"Rating system","level":2,"score":0.690232515335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.530779242515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43772563338279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295720","display_name":"Rating scale","level":2,"score":0.43276697397232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.41871780157089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3708922863006592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.34741753339767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.33987748622894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3150060176849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.23447459936141968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19419986009597778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.1650589406490326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07091522216796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/24725854.2021.1944704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24725854.2021.1944704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210225672","display_name":"IISE Transactions","issn_l":"2472-5854","issn":["2472-5854","2472-5862"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IISE Transactions","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:uiiexx:v:54:y:2021:i:2:p:159-172","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/24725854.2021.1944704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W620576816","https://openalex.org/W1485535210","https://openalex.org/W1873497831","https://openalex.org/W1918706071","https://openalex.org/W1978630615","https://openalex.org/W1983306461","https://openalex.org/W1986091303","https://openalex.org/W1986113132","https://openalex.org/W1991780212","https://openalex.org/W2016506395","https://openalex.org/W2021049833","https://openalex.org/W2032156635","https://openalex.org/W2045128212","https://openalex.org/W2047742801","https://openalex.org/W2050904362","https://openalex.org/W2055439623","https://openalex.org/W2066388792","https://openalex.org/W2082528982","https://openalex.org/W2089127405","https://openalex.org/W2098277369","https://openalex.org/W2112177229","https://openalex.org/W2130491457","https://openalex.org/W2131541679","https://openalex.org/W2135726119","https://openalex.org/W2141019778","https://openalex.org/W2171255470","https://openalex.org/W2480492758","https://openalex.org/W2610881448","https://openalex.org/W2620169746","https://openalex.org/W2805604349","https://openalex.org/W2810907210","https://openalex.org/W2922191721","https://openalex.org/W2972394350","https://openalex.org/W2995227081","https://openalex.org/W3010998279","https://openalex.org/W3011282595","https://openalex.org/W3021754561","https://openalex.org/W3112749520","https://openalex.org/W3122073936","https://openalex.org/W3122525964","https://openalex.org/W3122605061","https://openalex.org/W3122782606","https://openalex.org/W3122819842","https://openalex.org/W3122916287","https://openalex.org/W3122992124","https://openalex.org/W3124279632","https://openalex.org/W3124490869","https://openalex.org/W3124887974","https://openalex.org/W3125857265","https://openalex.org/W3126055998","https://openalex.org/W3209286107","https://openalex.org/W4230999097","https://openalex.org/W4237356565","https://openalex.org/W4241246521","https://openalex.org/W4251781751"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308258967","https://openalex.org/W1962711591","https://openalex.org/W2803396544","https://openalex.org/W2602699637","https://openalex.org/W24250002","https://openalex.org/W2495360771","https://openalex.org/W2027467749","https://openalex.org/W1964806933","https://openalex.org/W2182422769","https://openalex.org/W3166870854"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Enhancing":[0],"workforce":[1,36],"performance":[2,18,48,94,123],"is":[3,134,147],"the":[4,91,102,105,130,137,150,157],"key":[5],"to":[6,34,121,143,171,189],"success":[7],"for":[8,62],"professional":[9],"firms.":[10],"Firms":[11],"often":[12],"evaluate":[13],"workers":[14,57,76,165,178],"based":[15],"on":[16],"their":[17,21,99,144],"compared":[19],"with":[20,59],"peers":[22],"or":[23,84,136],"against":[24],"an":[25,71,115,167,187],"objective":[26],"standard.":[27],"Which":[28],"of":[29,46,66,98,104,140],"these":[30],"rating":[31,49,54,73,106,117,127,131],"systems":[32],"leads":[33],"higher":[35,122,163],"performance?":[37],"To":[38],"answer":[39],"this":[40],"question,":[41],"we":[42,112,160],"construct":[43],"game-theoretic":[44],"models":[45],"two":[47],"systems:":[50],"(i)":[51],"a":[52,63,86,96,109,125,180],"Relative":[53,126,181],"system":[55,74,118,128,169,182],"where":[56,75],"compete":[58],"each":[60],"other":[61,191],"constrained":[64],"number":[65],"high":[67,79],"ratings,":[68],"and":[69,101,149],"(ii)":[70],"Absolute":[72,116,168],"are":[77],"awarded":[78],"ratings":[80],"by":[81],"performing":[82],"at":[83],"above":[85],"standard":[87],"threshold.":[88],"We":[89],"derive":[90],"workers\u2019":[92,138,158],"equilibrium":[93],"as":[95,183],"function":[97],"ability":[100,164,177],"characteristics":[103],"pool.":[107],"From":[108],"firm\u2019s":[110],"perspective,":[111,159],"find":[113,161],"that":[114,162],"can":[119],"lead":[120],"than":[124],"when":[129],"pool":[132],"size":[133],"small":[135],"cost":[139],"effort":[141],"relative":[142],"efficiency":[145],"rate":[146],"low,":[148],"reverse":[151],"holds":[152],"true":[153],"otherwise.":[154],"When":[155],"considering":[156],"prefer":[166,179],"due":[170],"its":[172],"predictable":[173],"nature,":[174],"while":[175],"lower":[176],"it":[184],"provides":[185],"them":[186],"opportunity":[188],"outperform":[190],"workers.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}