{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3042928882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21681163.2020.1790040","title":"A review of silhouette extraction algorithms for use within visual hull pipelines","display_name":"A review of silhouette extraction algorithms for use within visual hull pipelines","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3042928882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21681163.2020.1790040","mag":"3042928882"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/21681163.2020.1790040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21681163.2020.1790040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764763012","display_name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering Imaging & Visualization","issn_l":"2168-1163","issn":["2168-1163","2168-1171"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging &amp; Visualization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053288633","display_name":"Guido Ascenso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9050-9892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guido Ascenso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9050-9892","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037771946","display_name":"Moi Hoon Yap","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7681-4287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moi Hoon Yap","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Mathematics, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Mathematics, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048244058","display_name":"Tom Allen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4910-9149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112571003","display_name":"Simon S. Choppin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71422933","display_name":"Sheffield Hallam University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wt1929","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71422933"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon S. Choppin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4910-9149","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71422933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017623144","display_name":"Carl Payton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8896-9753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carl Payton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8896-9753","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053288633"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4903,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65816538,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"649","last_page":"670"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silhouette","display_name":"Silhouette","score":0.9816758632659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-hull","display_name":"Visual hull","score":0.9293818473815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-subtraction","display_name":"Background subtraction","score":0.8339427709579468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7090606093406677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7000443935394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6673067212104797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6150530576705933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5621135830879211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hull","display_name":"Hull","score":0.4793461263179779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.46570664644241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.45709437131881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13360586762428284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.0663137137889862}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58103923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2286025","display_name":"Silhouette","level":2,"score":0.9816758632659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776863239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936601","display_name":"Visual hull","level":3,"score":0.9293818473815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32653426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Background subtraction","level":3,"score":0.8339427709579468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7090606093406677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7000443935394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6673067212104797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6150530576705933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5621135830879211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37423430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6750281","display_name":"Hull","level":2,"score":0.4793461263179779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.46570664644241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.45709437131881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13360586762428284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.0663137137889862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/21681163.2020.1790040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21681163.2020.1790040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764763012","display_name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering Imaging & Visualization","issn_l":"2168-1163","issn":["2168-1163","2168-1171"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging &amp; Visualization","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:e-space.mmu.ac.uk:626941","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/view/authors/d3ebc9a15dbae4f928a2f6da91b526c2.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:shura.shu.ac.uk:26853","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9050-9892>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401600","display_name":"SHURA (Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive) (Sheffield Hallam University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71422933","host_organization_name":"Sheffield Hallam University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71422933"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":123,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W93727908","https://openalex.org/W125693051","https://openalex.org/W150549900","https://openalex.org/W1479789543","https://openalex.org/W1517834848","https://openalex.org/W1559395077","https://openalex.org/W1573546770","https://openalex.org/W1593593811","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1808966389","https://openalex.org/W1809259931","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1864464506","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1923184257","https://openalex.org/W1979529260","https://openalex.org/W1980757516","https://openalex.org/W1981193779","https://openalex.org/W1984337154","https://openalex.org/W1984792953","https://openalex.org/W1988061476","https://openalex.org/W1994508094","https://openalex.org/W2016163169","https://openalex.org/W2016986679","https://openalex.org/W2021407054","https://openalex.org/W2022508996","https://openalex.org/W2027041372","https://openalex.org/W2029174407","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2031792838","https://openalex.org/W2038428415","https://openalex.org/W2043854652","https://openalex.org/W2053724458","https://openalex.org/W2054835536","https://openalex.org/W2055349880","https://openalex.org/W2055686029","https://openalex.org/W2058201578","https://openalex.org/W2062227835","https://openalex.org/W2069082186","https://openalex.org/W2070926764","https://openalex.org/W2072283928","https://openalex.org/W2075051204","https://openalex.org/W2084045174","https://openalex.org/W2094906680","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2108417695","https://openalex.org/W2110434318","https://openalex.org/W2116805242","https://openalex.org/W2117007522","https://openalex.org/W2117248802","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2119274204","https://openalex.org/W2119350939","https://openalex.org/W2120715970","https://openalex.org/W2125215748","https://openalex.org/W2125389028","https://openalex.org/W2125457700","https://openalex.org/W2125587358","https://openalex.org/W2129587342","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2136704614","https://openalex.org/W2137818394","https://openalex.org/W2141125852","https://openalex.org/W2142251840","https://openalex.org/W2142565564","https://openalex.org/W2142641998","https://openalex.org/W2148290050","https://openalex.org/W2150581781","https://openalex.org/W2150590906","https://openalex.org/W2151208688","https://openalex.org/W2154052465","https://openalex.org/W2161119493","https://openalex.org/W2163046003","https://openalex.org/W2164720308","https://openalex.org/W2165258384","https://openalex.org/W2166117802","https://openalex.org/W2166771209","https://openalex.org/W2167152330","https://openalex.org/W2168954330","https://openalex.org/W2169036536","https://openalex.org/W2170877358","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2273666108","https://openalex.org/W2293582111","https://openalex.org/W2339562931","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2508741746","https://openalex.org/W2523106987","https://openalex.org/W2525668722","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2535410496","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2553303224","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2598666589","https://openalex.org/W2604249033","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2609077090","https://openalex.org/W2620760558","https://openalex.org/W2630837129","https://openalex.org/W2732547613","https://openalex.org/W2741989487","https://openalex.org/W2776256943","https://openalex.org/W2783946051","https://openalex.org/W2794284562","https://openalex.org/W2804860796","https://openalex.org/W2891778567","https://openalex.org/W2892141512","https://openalex.org/W2895420332","https://openalex.org/W2950600632","https://openalex.org/W2962843773","https://openalex.org/W2963815618","https://openalex.org/W2964081807","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W3105220622","https://openalex.org/W4211003818","https://openalex.org/W4236965008","https://openalex.org/W4244364296","https://openalex.org/W4248635988","https://openalex.org/W4248870381"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093768878","https://openalex.org/W2971834499","https://openalex.org/W1603403967","https://openalex.org/W2124135873","https://openalex.org/W2090825658","https://openalex.org/W2098148538","https://openalex.org/W28439884","https://openalex.org/W2146724569","https://openalex.org/W2137936502","https://openalex.org/W2119118681"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Markerless":[0],"motion":[1],"capture":[2],"would":[3,76,126],"permit":[4],"the":[5,35,39,42,51,61,67,70,91,95,131,163,170],"study":[6],"of":[7,38,41,86,107,172,191],"human":[8,192],"biomechanics":[9],"in":[10,44,64,94,137],"environments":[11],"where":[12],"marker-based":[13],"systems":[14],"are":[15,162],"impractical,":[16],"e.g.":[17],"outdoors":[18],"or":[19,194],"underwater.":[20],"The":[21],"visual":[22,62,80,138,186],"hull":[23,63,139,187],"tool":[24],"may":[25],"enable":[26],"such":[27],"data":[28],"to":[29,55,78,97,104,177],"be":[30,127,182],"recorded,":[31],"but":[32],"it":[33],"requires":[34],"accurate":[36,165],"detection":[37],"silhouette":[40,58,99,132],"object":[43],"multiple":[45],"camera":[46],"views.":[47],"This":[48,88],"paper":[49,89],"reviews":[50],"top-performing":[52],"algorithms":[53,101,123,134],"available":[54],"date":[56],"for":[57,169,189],"extraction,":[59],"with":[60],"mind":[65],"as":[66],"downstream":[68],"application;":[69],"rationale":[71],"is":[72,90],"that":[73,102,121,125],"higher-quality":[74,79],"silhouettes":[75,173],"lead":[77],"hulls,":[81],"and":[82,115,155,166,179],"consequently":[83],"better":[84],"measurement":[85],"movement.":[87],"first":[92],"attempt":[93],"literature":[96],"compare":[98],"extraction":[100,133,171],"belong":[103],"different":[105],"fields":[106],"Computer":[108],"Vision,":[109],"namely":[110],"background":[111,146],"subtraction,":[112],"semantic":[113,152],"segmentation,":[114],"multi-view":[116,159],"segmentation.":[117],"It":[118],"was":[119],"found":[120],"several":[122],"exist":[124],"substantial":[128],"improvements":[129],"over":[130],"traditionally":[135],"used":[136],"pipelines.":[140],"In":[141],"particular,":[142],"FgSegNet":[143],"v2":[144],"(a":[145,151,158],"subtraction":[147],"algorithm),":[148,154],"DeepLabv3+":[149],"JFT":[150],"segmentation":[153,160],"Djelouah":[156],"2013":[157],"algorithm)":[161],"most":[164],"promising":[167],"methods":[168],"from":[174],"2D":[175],"images":[176],"date,":[178],"could":[180],"seamlessly":[181],"integrated":[183],"within":[184],"a":[185],"pipeline":[188],"studies":[190],"movement":[193],"biomechanics.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
