{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2623220030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21681163.2017.1335236","title":"Automated method for hierarchal detection and grading of diabetic retinopathy","display_name":"Automated method for hierarchal detection and grading of diabetic retinopathy","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2623220030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21681163.2017.1335236","mag":"2623220030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/21681163.2017.1335236","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21681163.2017.1335236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764763012","display_name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering Imaging & Visualization","issn_l":"2168-1163","issn":["2168-1163","2168-1171"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076978515","display_name":"Namita Sengar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191972202","display_name":"Amity University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n9z0v62","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191972202"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Namita Sengar","raw_affiliation_strings":[",","Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Amity University, Noida, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":",","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Amity University, Noida, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191972202"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038343229","display_name":"Malay Kishore Dutta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2462-737X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191972202","display_name":"Amity University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n9z0v62","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191972202"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Malay Kishore Dutta","raw_affiliation_strings":[",","Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Amity University, Noida, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":",","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Amity University, Noida, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191972202"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038343229"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191972202"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.458,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81374834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"6","first_page":"649","last_page":"659"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","score":0.7198163866996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grading","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","score":0.683218240737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6126829385757446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5414995551109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundus","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","score":0.5391514897346497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5256116390228271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abnormality","display_name":"Abnormality","score":0.5194479823112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.45075318217277527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4163041114807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.39353591203689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3661925792694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.32674139738082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.1372080147266388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.05809277296066284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.7198163866996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.683218240737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6126829385757446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5414995551109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.5391514897346497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5256116390228271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50965678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2724302","display_name":"Abnormality","level":2,"score":0.5194479823112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.45075318217277527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4163041114807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.39353591203689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3661925792694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.32674139738082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.1372080147266388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.05809277296066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/21681163.2017.1335236","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21681163.2017.1335236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764763012","display_name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering Imaging & Visualization","issn_l":"2168-1163","issn":["2168-1163","2168-1171"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3965265390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DST/TSG/ICT/2013/37","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323670","funder_display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Government of Kerala"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323670","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Government of Kerala","ror":"https://ror.org/030fy4q75"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534360853","https://openalex.org/W1913143921","https://openalex.org/W1972333286","https://openalex.org/W1982168774","https://openalex.org/W1982761740","https://openalex.org/W1992722249","https://openalex.org/W1992728454","https://openalex.org/W1996151979","https://openalex.org/W2001457150","https://openalex.org/W2005312687","https://openalex.org/W2010099973","https://openalex.org/W2015271030","https://openalex.org/W2021586830","https://openalex.org/W2021662144","https://openalex.org/W2026049502","https://openalex.org/W2027714362","https://openalex.org/W2033171172","https://openalex.org/W2060968434","https://openalex.org/W2074883517","https://openalex.org/W2084807920","https://openalex.org/W2087909688","https://openalex.org/W2088338269","https://openalex.org/W2088422930","https://openalex.org/W2097954762","https://openalex.org/W2114063873","https://openalex.org/W2117637009","https://openalex.org/W2147432771","https://openalex.org/W2157682860","https://openalex.org/W2169216416","https://openalex.org/W2169242575","https://openalex.org/W2242139584","https://openalex.org/W2340293050","https://openalex.org/W2518102122","https://openalex.org/W2544875997","https://openalex.org/W2553193595","https://openalex.org/W2593722017","https://openalex.org/W2604067507","https://openalex.org/W2993848126","https://openalex.org/W4244248663","https://openalex.org/W4247403659"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980571360","https://openalex.org/W3176448898","https://openalex.org/W4379115808","https://openalex.org/W3207986206","https://openalex.org/W2429379476","https://openalex.org/W1979866946","https://openalex.org/W4226141369","https://openalex.org/W2413307231","https://openalex.org/W4361800274","https://openalex.org/W4296525407"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,40],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"an":[3,51,55,148],"automated":[4],"method":[5,60,71],"for":[6,61,78,103,130],"comprehensive":[7],"detection":[8,79],"and":[9,28,57,75,80,86,117,132,137],"grading":[10,81],"of":[11,23,44,47,63,82,105,114,141,151],"non-proliferative":[12],"diabetic":[13],"retinopathy":[14],"(NPDR)":[15],"taking":[16],"all":[17],"DR":[18,106,145],"abnormalities":[19,107],"into":[20],"consideration.":[21],"Abnormalities":[22],"NPDR":[24],"like":[25],"red":[26,76,133],"lesions":[27,30,77,85,88,134],"bright":[29,74,87,131],"are":[31,89],"detected":[32,90],"in":[33],"chronological":[34],"order":[35],"according":[36],"to":[37,53,111],"medical":[38],"information.":[39],"strategic":[41],"hierarchal":[42],"sequence":[43],"abnormality":[45],"identification":[46],"these":[48],"pathologies":[49],"provides":[50],"opportunity":[52],"have":[54],"efficient":[56],"computationally":[58],"optimised":[59],"diagnosis":[62],"DR.":[64],"Unlike":[65],"previously":[66],"reported":[67],"methods,":[68],"this":[69],"proposed":[70,125],"includes":[72],"both":[73],"NPDR.":[83],"Red":[84],"using":[91],"adaptive":[92],"threshold":[93],"that":[94,123],"uses":[95],"local":[96],"statistical":[97],"features":[98],"from":[99,144],"the":[100,112,115,124],"fundus":[101],"image":[102,116],"segmentation":[104],"which":[108],"is":[109],"invariant":[110],"quality":[113],"noise":[118],"content.":[119],"Experimental":[120],"results":[121],"show":[122],"system":[126],"achieves":[127,147],"classification":[128],"sensitivity/specificity":[129,150],"as":[135],"97/89%":[136],"94.2/84.5%,":[138],"respectively.":[139],"Classification":[140],"normal":[142],"images":[143,146],"average":[149],"93.90/76.49%.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-13T13:36:01.753593","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}