{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414291954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2025.2552157","title":"Representation learning for geospatial data","display_name":"Representation learning for geospatial data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414291954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2025.2552157"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/19475683.2025.2552157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2025.2552157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199948","display_name":"Annals of GIS","issn_l":"1947-5683","issn":["1947-5683","1947-5691"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of GIS","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2025.2552157","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100345691","display_name":"Yu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-2902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University","Southwest United Graduate School","Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, China","Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest United Graduate School","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101483730","display_name":"Xuechen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3584-7821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuechen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University","Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084513079","display_name":"Yidan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7815-4710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yidan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100620490","display_name":"Huang Fei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3340-8197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen University","Department of Urban Informatics, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urban Informatics, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065801146","display_name":"Yingjing Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8772-1403"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingjing Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University","Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103198945","display_name":"Yong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3974-1078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100664344","display_name":"Weiyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0813-7971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University","Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065015094","display_name":"Shuhui Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4073-8002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuhui Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["China University of Geosciences","School of Artificial Intelligence, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China University of Geosciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391","https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036007312","display_name":"Gengchen Mai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7818-7309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gengchen Mai","raw_affiliation_strings":["the University of Texas at Austin","SEAI Lab, Department of Geography and the Environment, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the University of Texas at Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SEAI Lab, Department of Geography and the Environment, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100389430","display_name":"Yao Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5882-0058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["China University of Geosciences","National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China University of Geosciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100636019","display_name":"Yang Yue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6934-2357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)","Thrust of Urban Governance and Design, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thrust of Urban Governance and Design, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100398342","display_name":"Haifeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1953-1210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haifeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central South University","School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central South University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100403456","display_name":"Fan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3643-018X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University","Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100345691"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"fwci":6.232,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95947812,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"4","first_page":"557","last_page":"583"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.9106000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-pdf","display_name":"Geospatial PDF","score":0.4417000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.3953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-data-representation","display_name":"External Data Representation","score":0.38440001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-metadata","display_name":"Geospatial metadata","score":0.3573000133037567}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.9106000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4595000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130745260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5548542","display_name":"Geospatial PDF","level":3,"score":0.4417000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4397999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116409475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385056","display_name":"External Data Representation","level":2,"score":0.38440001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193150823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1477538","display_name":"Geospatial metadata","level":5,"score":0.3573000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.3531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138958017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190087","display_name":"Data type","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203689450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2302053","display_name":"Spatial database","level":3,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/19475683.2025.2552157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2025.2552157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199948","display_name":"Annals of GIS","issn_l":"1947-5683","issn":["1947-5683","1947-5691"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of GIS","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:77ca8c1d304a4bb387012cb63332c746","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/77ca8c1d304a4bb387012cb63332c746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annals of GIS, Vol 31, Iss 4, Pp 557-583 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/19475683.2025.2552157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2025.2552157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199948","display_name":"Annals of GIS","issn_l":"1947-5683","issn":["1947-5683","1947-5691"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of GIS","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":155,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31707613","https://openalex.org/W326635671","https://openalex.org/W971991238","https://openalex.org/W1511715654","https://openalex.org/W1568119142","https://openalex.org/W1583837637","https://openalex.org/W1630236577","https://openalex.org/W1963905090","https://openalex.org/W1973749534","https://openalex.org/W1990433983","https://openalex.org/W2052611239","https://openalex.org/W2058560977","https://openalex.org/W2082040920","https://openalex.org/W2090978188","https://openalex.org/W2097736650","https://openalex.org/W2100194699","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2424778531","https://openalex.org/W2531563875","https://openalex.org/W2534538876","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2604314403","https://openalex.org/W2606555609","https://openalex.org/W2732026016","https://openalex.org/W2734775449","https://openalex.org/W2750779823","https://openalex.org/W2807954821","https://openalex.org/W2886604692","https://openalex.org/W2890231632","https://openalex.org/W2902740167","https://openalex.org/W2902746003","https://openalex.org/W2904703694","https://openalex.org/W2911840101","https://openalex.org/W2912836959","https://openalex.org/W2913624076","https://openalex.org/W2913974479","https://openalex.org/W2919292274","https://openalex.org/W2963526661","https://openalex.org/W2964246847","https://openalex.org/W2977897270","https://openalex.org/W2979363529","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W2998302682","https://openalex.org/W3001443350","https://openalex.org/W3012632375","https://openalex.org/W3013563398","https://openalex.org/W3023735075","https://openalex.org/W3023770275","https://openalex.org/W3033696290","https://openalex.org/W3035098013","https://openalex.org/W3036511987","https://openalex.org/W3037085755","https://openalex.org/W3041537557","https://openalex.org/W3102423243","https://openalex.org/W3112898771","https://openalex.org/W3122837923","https://openalex.org/W3136824855","https://openalex.org/W3139433697","https://openalex.org/W3139669840","https://openalex.org/W3163513764","https://openalex.org/W3164715703","https://openalex.org/W3165729427","https://openalex.org/W3177828909","https://openalex.org/W3185276638","https://openalex.org/W3190018318","https://openalex.org/W3194059001","https://openalex.org/W3195494505","https://openalex.org/W3203824648","https://openalex.org/W3212632252","https://openalex.org/W3214340375","https://openalex.org/W3214685769","https://openalex.org/W3215411791","https://openalex.org/W4200150166","https://openalex.org/W4206643932","https://openalex.org/W4206908526","https://openalex.org/W4206918025","https://openalex.org/W4210642697","https://openalex.org/W4221005846","https://openalex.org/W4224303501","https://openalex.org/W4224911357","https://openalex.org/W4233278670","https://openalex.org/W4234859835","https://openalex.org/W4237581886","https://openalex.org/W4246297465","https://openalex.org/W4248111217","https://openalex.org/W4255556797","https://openalex.org/W4281720633","https://openalex.org/W4283697304","https://openalex.org/W4285157526","https://openalex.org/W4285168619","https://openalex.org/W4290877962","https://openalex.org/W4293193074","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W4294891446","https://openalex.org/W4308986790","https://openalex.org/W4310895557","https://openalex.org/W4311415873","https://openalex.org/W4312746516","https://openalex.org/W4312747027","https://openalex.org/W4313140708","https://openalex.org/W4313527775","https://openalex.org/W4313706055","https://openalex.org/W4319459225","https://openalex.org/W4322486828","https://openalex.org/W4376851287","https://openalex.org/W4379046772","https://openalex.org/W4382138521","https://openalex.org/W4382239861","https://openalex.org/W4384010587","https://openalex.org/W4384282026","https://openalex.org/W4385061950","https://openalex.org/W4385567282","https://openalex.org/W4385958045","https://openalex.org/W4387048619","https://openalex.org/W4387460511","https://openalex.org/W4387532940","https://openalex.org/W4387539553","https://openalex.org/W4390100460","https://openalex.org/W4390874514","https://openalex.org/W4391656686","https://openalex.org/W4392507290","https://openalex.org/W4393232361","https://openalex.org/W4394564044","https://openalex.org/W4394938913","https://openalex.org/W4396735245","https://openalex.org/W4396818449","https://openalex.org/W4399054140","https://openalex.org/W4400025548","https://openalex.org/W4400272807","https://openalex.org/W4400673269","https://openalex.org/W4400894703","https://openalex.org/W4401056489","https://openalex.org/W4401113149","https://openalex.org/W4401863317","https://openalex.org/W4402043206","https://openalex.org/W4402286476","https://openalex.org/W4402617653","https://openalex.org/W4402671719","https://openalex.org/W4403913927","https://openalex.org/W4404106066","https://openalex.org/W4404356490","https://openalex.org/W4404644591","https://openalex.org/W4404882465","https://openalex.org/W4405022676","https://openalex.org/W4405632463","https://openalex.org/W4406917460","https://openalex.org/W4408015779","https://openalex.org/W4409348437","https://openalex.org/W4409368417","https://openalex.org/W4409383105","https://openalex.org/W4409494700","https://openalex.org/W4411086500","https://openalex.org/W4411955123","https://openalex.org/W4412376859","https://openalex.org/W4413147245"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"reviews":[2],"representation":[3,26,43,62,100],"learning":[4,27,44,63,101],"for":[5,11,34,65,125],"geospatial":[6,35,51,67],"data,":[7,52],"focusing":[8],"on":[9],"methods":[10,64],"automatically":[12],"extracting":[13],"meaningful":[14],"features":[15],"from":[16],"diverse":[17,56],"data":[18,68,88,131],"types.":[19],"By":[20],"simplifying":[21],"tasks":[22],"and":[23,41,57,82,109,133,143],"improving":[24],"accuracy,":[25],"has":[28],"emerged":[29],"as":[30,90,114],"a":[31,91,115],"powerful":[32],"tool":[33],"analysis.":[36],"Due":[37],"to":[38,49,102,128],"its":[39],"generalizability":[40],"scalability,":[42],"provides":[45],"an":[46,111],"effective":[47],"approach":[48],"processing":[50],"which":[53],"is":[54],"inherently":[55],"unstructured.":[58],"We":[59],"summarize":[60],"the":[61,96,104,123,135],"different":[66],"types,":[69],"including":[70],"locations,":[71],"points":[72],"of":[73,98,106,137],"interest":[74],"(POIs),":[75],"trajectories,":[76],"spatial":[77],"interactions,":[78],"remote":[79],"sensing":[80],"imagery,":[81],"street":[83],"view":[84],"imagery.":[85],"Treating":[86],"each":[87],"type":[89],"distinct":[92],"modality,":[93],"we":[94],"emphasize":[95],"potential":[97,116],"multi-modal":[99,130],"advance":[103],"understanding":[105],"geographical":[107,145],"phenomena":[108],"propose":[110],"LLM-guided":[112],"framework":[113],"solution.":[117],"The":[118],"review":[119],"concludes":[120],"by":[121],"highlighting":[122],"need":[124],"further":[126],"research":[127],"improve":[129],"alignment":[132],"enhance":[134],"interpretability":[136],"feature":[138],"representations,":[139],"particularly":[140],"in":[141],"complex":[142],"dynamic":[144],"environments.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}