{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201144799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19393555.2021.1977873","title":"Security analysis and enhancements of UAS architecture","display_name":"Security analysis and enhancements of UAS architecture","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201144799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19393555.2021.1977873","mag":"3201144799"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/19393555.2021.1977873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19393555.2021.1977873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39280739","display_name":"Information Security Journal A Global Perspective","issn_l":"1939-3547","issn":["1939-3547","1939-3555"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Security Journal: A Global Perspective","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023889561","display_name":"Bilal Akhtar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899713450","display_name":"Air University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yfe9v83","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bilal Akhtar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Avionics Engineering, Institute of Avionics and Aeronautics, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Avionics Engineering, Institute of Avionics and Aeronautics, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114192159","display_name":"Ammar Masood","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899713450","display_name":"Air University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yfe9v83","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ammar Masood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Avionics Engineering, Institute of Avionics and Aeronautics, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Avionics Engineering, Institute of Avionics and Aeronautics, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023889561"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05995997,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"3","first_page":"173","last_page":"186"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6977128982543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6714977025985718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autopilot","display_name":"Autopilot","score":0.6212373375892639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.5800970196723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5722708702087402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enterprise-information-security-architecture","display_name":"Enterprise information security architecture","score":0.5304611921310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4429932236671448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-controls","display_name":"Security controls","score":0.432122141122818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-architecture","display_name":"Systems architecture","score":0.4196644425392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3634891211986542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.343380868434906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1745779812335968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1282242238521576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.1015755832195282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6977128982543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6714977025985718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18020424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220858","display_name":"Autopilot","level":2,"score":0.6212373375892639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5800970196723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5722708702087402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31139447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380386","display_name":"Enterprise information security architecture","level":2,"score":0.5304611921310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4429932236671448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178148461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1632136","display_name":"Security controls","level":3,"score":0.432122141122818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.4196644425392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3634891211986542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.343380868434906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1745779812335968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1282242238521576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.1015755832195282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/19393555.2021.1977873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19393555.2021.1977873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39280739","display_name":"Information Security Journal A Global Perspective","issn_l":"1939-3547","issn":["1939-3547","1939-3555"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Security Journal: A Global Perspective","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W574798167","https://openalex.org/W1898224270","https://openalex.org/W2323336488","https://openalex.org/W2365911800","https://openalex.org/W2467435845","https://openalex.org/W2545823459","https://openalex.org/W2604974201","https://openalex.org/W2794421626","https://openalex.org/W2808115698","https://openalex.org/W2944552658","https://openalex.org/W2964266016"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2528333064","https://openalex.org/W2159456118","https://openalex.org/W2357122534","https://openalex.org/W2148668825","https://openalex.org/W2118896017","https://openalex.org/W4205533699","https://openalex.org/W2593067406","https://openalex.org/W2012654131","https://openalex.org/W2990127754","https://openalex.org/W2528804923"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0,20],"Aerial":[1,21],"Vehicles,":[2],"known":[3],"as":[4],"UAVs,":[5],"are":[6,37],"controlled":[7],"by":[8],"the":[9,70,74,83,90,119,126,146,150,176,186],"autopilot":[10],"system":[11],"remotely":[12],"and":[13,33,165],"autonomously.":[14],"It":[15],"is":[16],"a":[17,26,28,45,49,79,93,123,136,180],"component":[18],"of":[19,47,51,82,92,111,122,182],"System":[22,31],"(UAS)":[23],"which":[24,142],"contains":[25],"UAV,":[27],"Ground":[29],"Control":[30],"(GCS),":[32],"Air":[34],"link.":[35],"They":[36],"used":[38,154],"vastly":[39],"in":[40,56,88,131,175,185],"all":[41,145],"applications;":[42],"however,":[43],"over":[44],"period":[46],"time,":[48],"number":[50,181],"security":[52,84,109,120,138,183,196],"flaws":[53],"have":[54,100],"surfaced":[55],"UASs.":[57],"While":[58],"considerable":[59],"research":[60],"has":[61,128,152],"been":[62,129,153],"undertaken":[63,174],"to":[64,77,134,155,192],"propose":[65,135],"secure":[66],"solutions":[67],"for":[68,96,107,118,140,195],"UAS,":[69],"prior":[71],"work":[72,133],"on":[73,163,169],"subject":[75],"fails":[76],"consider":[78],"holistic":[80,137],"treatment":[81],"issues.":[85],"Thereby,":[86],"keeping":[87],"view":[89],"lack":[91],"structured":[94],"approach":[95],"UAS":[97,161,167],"security,":[98],"we":[99],"proposed":[101],"an":[102],"ISO":[103,113],"18028":[104],"standard-based":[105],"framework":[106],"defining":[108],"architecture":[110,121,139,151],"UAS.":[112],"standard":[114],"provides":[115],"generic":[116],"guidelines":[117],"network;":[124],"yet,":[125],"same":[127],"extended":[130],"this":[132],"UASs,":[141],"effectively":[143],"mitigates":[144],"associated":[147],"risks.":[148],"Furthermore,":[149],"evaluate":[156],"two":[157],"case":[158,177],"studies:":[159],"Commercial":[160,166],"based":[162,168],"Cube":[164],"DJI":[170],"A3.":[171],"The":[172],"appraisal":[173],"studies":[178],"indicated":[179],"limitations":[184],"considered":[187],"commercial":[188],"solutions,":[189],"thus":[190],"leading":[191],"corresponding":[193],"recommendations":[194],"enhancements.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}