{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991568075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19393550903076841","title":"Notestega: Notes-based Steganography Methodology","display_name":"Notestega: Notes-based Steganography Methodology","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991568075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19393550903076841","mag":"1991568075"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/19393550903076841","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19393550903076841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39280739","display_name":"Information Security Journal A Global Perspective","issn_l":"1939-3547","issn":["1939-3547","1939-3555"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Security Journal: A Global Perspective","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087327461","display_name":"Abdelrahman Desoky","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdelrahman Desoky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA","[Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087327461"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5822,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89890946,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"178","last_page":"193"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.8199265599250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7812747359275818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.7025388479232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6304172277450562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.60603928565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.5703925490379333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganalysis","display_name":"Steganalysis","score":0.5684789419174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert-channel","display_name":"Covert channel","score":0.49795961380004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"Information hiding","score":0.47624778747558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4650372862815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.4347493052482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/note-taking","display_name":"Note-taking","score":0.42394939064979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.41457778215408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3747536242008209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2332429587841034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.16352030634880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11677855253219604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.8199265599250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7812747359275818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.7025388479232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6304172277450562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.60603928565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.5703925490379333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107368093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448176","display_name":"Steganalysis","level":4,"score":0.5684789419174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29024540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476964","display_name":"Covert channel","level":5,"score":0.49795961380004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.47624778747558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4650372862815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.4347493052482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778370645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5668585","display_name":"Note-taking","level":2,"score":0.42394939064979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.41457778215408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3747536242008209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2332429587841034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.16352030634880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11677855253219604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/19393550903076841","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19393550903076841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39280739","display_name":"Information Security Journal A Global Perspective","issn_l":"1939-3547","issn":["1939-3547","1939-3555"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Security Journal: A Global Perspective","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W363276254","https://openalex.org/W1485610138","https://openalex.org/W1500538633","https://openalex.org/W1505629914","https://openalex.org/W1516983852","https://openalex.org/W1535093023","https://openalex.org/W1546885574","https://openalex.org/W1565070293","https://openalex.org/W1605292408","https://openalex.org/W1606223290","https://openalex.org/W1750309227","https://openalex.org/W1832326700","https://openalex.org/W1887667720","https://openalex.org/W1919975936","https://openalex.org/W1993914142","https://openalex.org/W2020424501","https://openalex.org/W2021806119","https://openalex.org/W2028054512","https://openalex.org/W2032966520","https://openalex.org/W2041378601","https://openalex.org/W2080375031","https://openalex.org/W2083500770","https://openalex.org/W2085625396","https://openalex.org/W2108498102","https://openalex.org/W2109610638","https://openalex.org/W2115668743","https://openalex.org/W2123671594","https://openalex.org/W2124325062","https://openalex.org/W2125270351","https://openalex.org/W2125723791","https://openalex.org/W2133989741","https://openalex.org/W2155021007","https://openalex.org/W2155600613","https://openalex.org/W2157823837","https://openalex.org/W2159390040","https://openalex.org/W2161454800","https://openalex.org/W2171939228","https://openalex.org/W2181849526","https://openalex.org/W2736765627","https://openalex.org/W2912111095","https://openalex.org/W2912142077","https://openalex.org/W3021615819","https://openalex.org/W3022775734","https://openalex.org/W3151369355","https://openalex.org/W4230014050","https://openalex.org/W6630078718"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148973528","https://openalex.org/W2939392096","https://openalex.org/W4243922849","https://openalex.org/W2106726851","https://openalex.org/W4309385482","https://openalex.org/W2068740952","https://openalex.org/W2182496537","https://openalex.org/W2792878404","https://openalex.org/W1716757876","https://openalex.org/W2497446005"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,36,213],"wide":[1],"use":[2],"of":[3,29,44,83,102,106,133,158,210,219,224],"Notes":[4,12],"in":[5,32,48,94,136],"business,":[6],"science,":[7],"education,":[8],"news,":[9],"etc.,":[10],"renders":[11],"attractive":[13],"steganographic":[14,227],"carriers":[15],"and":[16,80,169,191,201,216,234],"allows":[17],"the":[18,45,74,81,107,134,137,145,156,203,226],"communicating":[19],"parties":[20],"to":[21,52,62,87,154,179,238],"establish":[22],"a":[23,54,64,68,100,113,118,159,164,235],"covert":[24],"channel":[25],"that":[26],"is":[27,92,151,244],"capable":[28],"transmitting":[30],"messages":[31],"an":[33],"unsuspicious":[34],"way.":[35],"presented":[37,214],"Notes-based":[38],"Steganography":[39],"Methodology":[40],"(Notestega)":[41],"takes":[42],"advantage":[43],"recent":[46],"advances":[47],"automatic":[49,84,170,172],"notetaking":[50,85,173],"techniques":[51,86],"generate":[53],"text":[55,135,142,149,240],"cover.":[56],"Notestega":[57,98,130,220],"neither":[58],"exploits":[59],"noise":[60],"(errors)":[61],"embed":[63,175],"message":[65],"nor":[66],"produces":[67],"detectable":[69],"noise.":[70],"Instead,":[71],"it":[72,91,116],"pursues":[73],"variations":[75],"among":[76],"both":[77],"human":[78],"notes":[79,105],"outputs":[82],"conceal":[88],"data.":[89,212],"Virtually,":[90],"accomplished":[93],"three":[95],"steps.":[96],"First,":[97],"generates":[99],"number":[101,124],"legitimate":[103],"various":[104],"same":[108],"input.":[109],"Second,":[110],"based":[111],"on":[112],"predetermined":[114],"protocol":[115],"picks":[117],"particular":[119],"note,":[120],"for":[121,185,194,231],"example,":[122,186,195],"note":[123,139],"1,":[125],"2,":[126],"or":[127,189,199],"5.":[128],"Third,":[129],"substitutes":[131],"some":[132],"selected":[138],"with":[140],"another":[141],"taken":[143],"from":[144],"unpicked":[146],"notes.":[147],"Such":[148],"substitution":[150],"carefully":[152],"done":[153],"avoid":[155],"introduction":[157],"suspicious":[160],"pattern":[161],"while":[162],"embedding":[163],"message.":[165],"Unlike":[166],"machine":[167],"translation":[168],"summarizer,":[171],"can":[174],"nondirectly":[176],"related":[177],"elements":[178],"its":[180],"output":[181],"including":[182],"linguistic":[183],"elements,":[184,193],"sentences,":[187],"words,":[188],"abbreviations,":[190],"nonlinguistic":[192],"lines,":[196],"stars,":[197],"arrows,":[198],"symbols,":[200],"thus":[202],"generated":[204],"note-cover":[205],"(text-cover)":[206],"has":[207],"ample":[208],"room":[209,230],"concealing":[211,232],"implementation":[215],"steganalysis":[217],"validation":[218],"demonstrate":[221],"distinct":[222],"capabilities":[223],"achieving":[225],"goal,":[228],"adequate":[229],"data,":[233],"superior":[236],"bitrate":[237],"contemporary":[239],"steganography":[241],"approaches,":[242],"which":[243],"roughly":[245],"7.777%.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}