{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117586470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2607902","title":"Cross-scale 3-D thermohaline modeling via dual-residual swin transformer with multisource ocean observations","display_name":"Cross-scale 3-D thermohaline modeling via dual-residual swin transformer with multisource ocean observations","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117586470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2607902"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2607902","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2607902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2607902","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100419969","display_name":"An Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0361-7543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"An Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education, College of Computer and Data Science, Fuzhou University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0361-7543","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education, College of Computer and Data Science, Fuzhou University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121548995","display_name":"Zhiwei Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwei Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Satellite Geospatial Information Technology, Fuzhou University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Satellite Geospatial Information Technology, Fuzhou University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121199415","display_name":"Zhanchao Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanchao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Satellite Geospatial Information Technology, Fuzhou University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Satellite Geospatial Information Technology, Fuzhou University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005254738","display_name":"Xiang-gen Xia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang-Gen Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121547149","display_name":"Hua Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["BE","CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hua Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Ghent University","Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Satellite Geospatial Information Technology, Fuzhou University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Ghent University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Satellite Geospatial Information Technology, Fuzhou University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5121547149"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200","https://openalex.org/I80947539"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":2.1689,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88953118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.863099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.863099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10995","display_name":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","score":0.07090000063180923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermohaline-circulation","display_name":"Thermohaline circulation","score":0.845300018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.6078000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inversion","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","score":0.3968000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salinity","display_name":"Salinity","score":0.3564000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-basin","display_name":"Structural basin","score":0.31709998846054077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78091846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463223","display_name":"Thermohaline circulation","level":2,"score":0.845300018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.6078000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.39730000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.3968000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129513315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179615","display_name":"Salinity","level":2,"score":0.3564000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3427000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199491958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737514","display_name":"Global change","level":3,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985189572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1239","display_name":"Indian ocean","level":2,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779242930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q720957","display_name":"Global temperature","level":4,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2607902","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2607902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.30972065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal contribution"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0a35a95b239c40edaccce4e204912db5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0a35a95b239c40edaccce4e204912db5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 19, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2607902","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2607902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8439731001853943,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3357991456","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42571411","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964959873","https://openalex.org/W1972326664","https://openalex.org/W2066075084","https://openalex.org/W2100621091","https://openalex.org/W2254373983","https://openalex.org/W2272850945","https://openalex.org/W2783859656","https://openalex.org/W2810491782","https://openalex.org/W2899831735","https://openalex.org/W2946309465","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2995497634","https://openalex.org/W3006292529","https://openalex.org/W3083704968","https://openalex.org/W3091413558","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3158655122","https://openalex.org/W3183146101","https://openalex.org/W3201062030","https://openalex.org/W3211378683","https://openalex.org/W3212741926","https://openalex.org/W4205138939","https://openalex.org/W4213272360","https://openalex.org/W4221163766","https://openalex.org/W4226228401","https://openalex.org/W4281675002","https://openalex.org/W4283818963","https://openalex.org/W4285049669","https://openalex.org/W4290851525","https://openalex.org/W4292348148","https://openalex.org/W4309277421","https://openalex.org/W4366828379","https://openalex.org/W4366997839","https://openalex.org/W4381795070","https://openalex.org/W4387129442","https://openalex.org/W4390488650","https://openalex.org/W4390604621","https://openalex.org/W4392543892","https://openalex.org/W4392572173","https://openalex.org/W4401806983","https://openalex.org/W4402823736","https://openalex.org/W4404914832","https://openalex.org/W4410080456"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integrating":[0],"multisource":[1,125,192],"Earth":[2],"observation":[3],"data":[4,56],"and":[5,15,39,50,69,117,128,138,152],"reconstructing":[6],"subsurface":[7,37],"thermohaline":[8,55,75,104,157,170,189],"structures":[9,105,171,190],"from":[10,191],"remote":[11,126],"sensing":[12,127],"at":[13,42,57],"global":[14,148],"basin":[16],"scales":[17,111],"will":[18],"provide":[19],"a":[20],"better":[21],"understanding":[22],"of":[23,36,74,83,101,112,146,155,162,167,187],"oceans.":[24],"However,":[25],"previous":[26],"methods":[27],"relied":[28],"on":[29],"layer-by-layer":[30],"modeling,":[31],"which":[32,77],"required":[33],"separate":[34],"reconstruction":[35,65,82,100,166],"temperature":[38],"salinity":[40],"fields":[41],"different":[43,58,110],"depths,":[44],"resulting":[45],"in":[46,109,164],"many":[47],"models,":[48],"inefficiency,":[49],"weak":[51],"vertical":[52,153],"connections":[53],"between":[54],"depths.":[59],"A":[60],"fast":[61],"deep":[62],"neural":[63],"network-based":[64],"can":[66,182],"reduce":[67],"models":[68],"enhance":[70,142],"the":[71,81,134,143,147,165,185],"overall":[72],"consistency":[73],"data,":[76],"is":[78],"significant":[79,160],"for":[80],"ocean":[84,130,156],"environmental":[85],"variables.":[86],"This":[87],"study":[88],"proposes":[89],"an":[90],"improved":[91],"Swin":[92,135],"Transformer":[93],"approach,":[94],"i.e.":[95],"SwinOcean3D,":[96],"to":[97,141],"perform":[98],"one-shot":[99],"three-dimensional":[102],"(3-D)":[103],"(upper":[106],"1000":[107],"m)":[108],"Global":[113],"(1\u00b0":[114],"\u00d7":[115,121],"1\u00b0)":[116],"Indian":[118],"Oceans":[119],"(0.25\u00b0":[120],"0.25\u00b0)":[122],"by":[123],"integrating":[124],"observation-based":[129],"products.":[131],"SwinOcean3D":[132,163,181],"combines":[133],"Transformer,":[136],"U-net,":[137],"dual-residual":[139],"blocks":[140],"representation":[144],"capability":[145],"scale,":[149],"local":[150],"detailed,":[151],"features":[154],"structures.":[158],"The":[159],"advantages":[161],"multiscale":[168],"3-D":[169,188],"outperform":[172],"other":[173],"classical":[174],"approaches.":[175],"Furthermore,":[176],"interpretability":[177],"experiments":[178],"suggest":[179],"that":[180],"effectively":[183],"capture":[184],"evolution":[186],"observations.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-15T08:34:33.830935","created_date":"2025-12-30T00:00:00"}