{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417494393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2594250","title":"Optimal location method of emergency communication nodes based on digital terrain features","display_name":"Optimal location method of emergency communication nodes based on digital terrain features","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417494393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2594250"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2594250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2594250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2594250","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054871203","display_name":"Junjie Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1733-7641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176808543","display_name":"Liaoning Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01n2bd587","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjie Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Geospatial Big Data Application, Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping (CASM)","School of Geomatics, Liaoning Technical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Geospatial Big Data Application, Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping (CASM)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geomatics, Liaoning Technical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109448683","display_name":"Jiping Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-3250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176808543","display_name":"Liaoning Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01n2bd587","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiping Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Geospatial Big Data Application, Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping (CASM)","School of Geomatics, Liaoning Technical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Geospatial Big Data Application, Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping (CASM)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geomatics, Liaoning Technical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009130778","display_name":"Jie Zhen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176808543","display_name":"Liaoning Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01n2bd587","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Geospatial Big Data Application, Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping (CASM)","School of Geomatics, Liaoning Technical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Geospatial Big Data Application, Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping (CASM)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geomatics, Liaoning Technical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091622325","display_name":"Hao Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9686-6540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Geospatial Big Data Application, Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping (CASM)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Geospatial Big Data Application, Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping (CASM)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109448683"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176808543","https://openalex.org/I4210114963"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40536329,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.12349999696016312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.12349999696016312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.12229999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.0997999981045723,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.8342999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.6672000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.6256999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.5317999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5304999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5020999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4489000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.42989999055862427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.8342999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6998999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.6672000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6256999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.5317999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5304999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5020999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4489000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.42989999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.40610000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.3939000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99695388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q350514","display_name":"Raised-relief map","level":3,"score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.34630000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.3255999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779481623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115986","display_name":"Disaster area","level":2,"score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100808899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192100","display_name":"Set cover problem","level":3,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775973920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3252726","display_name":"Selection algorithm","level":3,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181672929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115141","display_name":"Digital mapping","level":2,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81293917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4189534","display_name":"System deployment","level":3,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775935494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741964","display_name":"Search and rescue","level":3,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780561860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7531796","display_name":"Site selection","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.2540999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2594250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2594250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3e8c8c1bba134340b84640b178a124c4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3e8c8c1bba134340b84640b178a124c4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 18, Iss 2 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2594250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2594250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G126836222","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFC3005705","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583906619","https://openalex.org/W1968274114","https://openalex.org/W1969483458","https://openalex.org/W1991716732","https://openalex.org/W2089075956","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2136624896","https://openalex.org/W2510493362","https://openalex.org/W2897610305","https://openalex.org/W2899944658","https://openalex.org/W2914596418","https://openalex.org/W2948175577","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2978292675","https://openalex.org/W3021089990","https://openalex.org/W3030152839","https://openalex.org/W3033369847","https://openalex.org/W3036128404","https://openalex.org/W3084357507","https://openalex.org/W3134059299","https://openalex.org/W3139015306","https://openalex.org/W3177165656","https://openalex.org/W4200331914","https://openalex.org/W4213018775","https://openalex.org/W4282554677","https://openalex.org/W4286462462","https://openalex.org/W4323671345","https://openalex.org/W4324382096","https://openalex.org/W4328120183","https://openalex.org/W4376171652","https://openalex.org/W4394570821","https://openalex.org/W4402350668","https://openalex.org/W4405266116","https://openalex.org/W4405599686","https://openalex.org/W4405907074","https://openalex.org/W4406458556","https://openalex.org/W4407937562","https://openalex.org/W4409315679","https://openalex.org/W4410492064","https://openalex.org/W4413104908"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Following":[0],"natural":[1],"disasters":[2],"that":[3,141],"disrupt":[4],"communication":[5,13,32],"networks":[6],"in":[7,25,196],"affected":[8],"regions,":[9],"establishing":[10],"an":[11],"emergency":[12,197],"network":[14],"is":[15,84,126],"crucial":[16],"for":[17,30,193],"effective":[18],"rescue":[19,198],"operations.":[20],"There":[21],"are":[22,95],"still":[23],"challenges":[24],"choosing":[26],"the":[27,73,77,112,121,142,181],"right":[28],"location":[29],"deploying":[31],"nodes":[33],"based":[34,56],"on":[35,57],"real":[36],"terrain":[37,69,91,102,149],"features":[38,70,150],"to":[39,67,71,86,97,132,178],"ensure":[40],"regional":[41],"connectivity.":[42],"This":[43],"paper":[44],"proposes":[45],"a":[46,99],"\u2018terrain":[47],"feature":[48,92,103],"extraction":[49],"+":[50],"node":[51,93,185],"optimization":[52,119,124],"site":[53,135,158],"selection\u2019":[54],"model":[55,61,143],"high-precision":[58],"digital":[59],"elevation":[60],"(DEM)":[62],"data.":[63,75],"Processing":[64],"DEM":[65],"data":[66],"highlight":[68],"construct":[72,98],"base":[74],"Then":[76],"Precision":[78],"Contour-Mask":[79],"RCNN":[80],"algorithm":[81,125,182],"(PC-Mask":[82],"RCNN)":[83],"used":[85],"extract":[87],"mountain":[88],"contours,":[89],"and":[90,108,117,144,154,164,190],"methods":[94],"employed":[96],"set":[100],"of":[101,114],"points":[104],"(e.g.":[105],"peaks,":[106],"ridges,":[107],"contours).":[109],"By":[110],"combining":[111],"advantages":[113],"reinforcement":[115],"learning":[116],"multi-objective":[118],"algorithms,":[120],"PPO-NSGA\u2161":[122],"collaborative":[123],"proposed":[127],"using":[128],"line-of-sight":[129],"simulated":[130],"signals":[131],"optimize":[133,156],"high-quality":[134,157],"selection":[136,159],"schemes.":[137],"Experimental":[138],"results":[139],"demonstrate":[140],"method":[145],"can":[146,183],"accurately":[147],"summarize":[148],"(mIoU":[151],">":[152,171,174],"0.9)":[153],"rapidly":[155],"schemes":[160],"with":[161],"superior":[162],"coverage":[163,170,187],"accessibility":[165,173],"than":[166],"other":[167],"algorithms":[168],"(effective":[169],"0.78,":[172],"0.5).":[175],"When":[176],"applied":[177],"real-world":[179],"scenarios,":[180],"provide":[184],"locations,":[186],"status,":[188],"accessibility,":[189],"recommended":[191],"paths":[192],"deployment":[194],"solutions":[195],"situations.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-15T08:34:33.830935","created_date":"2025-12-19T00:00:00"}