{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416909804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2588539","title":"An enhanced index for debris-covered glacier boundary extraction, with emphasis on low-activity glaciers, using time-series SAR imagery","display_name":"An enhanced index for debris-covered glacier boundary extraction, with emphasis on low-activity glaciers, using time-series SAR imagery","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416909804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2588539"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2588539","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2588539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2588539","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014979192","display_name":"Yue Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3352-9045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124748","display_name":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0nsb22","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124748","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100335337","display_name":"Bo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-4325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124748","display_name":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0nsb22","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124748","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103000824","display_name":"Can Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0003-7412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124748","display_name":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0nsb22","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Can Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0003-7412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124748","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100551626","display_name":"Yongsheng Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4370-6521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124748","display_name":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0nsb22","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongsheng Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124748","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018548867","display_name":"Yin Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3839-2794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124748","display_name":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0nsb22","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yin Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124748","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100444935","display_name":"Jiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7640-3947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124748","display_name":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0nsb22","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124748","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062356597","display_name":"Qiao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7285-5425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124748","display_name":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0nsb22","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124748","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454338","display_name":"Xiaowen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0543-2537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100335337"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210124748"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39404801,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.8118000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.8118000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.16019999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.008500000461935997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glacier","display_name":"Glacier","score":0.8828999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.43810001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glaciology","display_name":"Glaciology","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.4068000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.3797000050544739}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.8828999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.760699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5543000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.43810001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107018473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52120","display_name":"Glaciology","level":4,"score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.4115999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.4068000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.3797000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3790999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.3612000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127045886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3528741","display_name":"Glacier mass balance","level":3,"score":0.3075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169556411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884736","display_name":"Rock glacier","level":3,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84548589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556920","display_name":"Glacier terminus","level":5,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.2662000060081482}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2588539","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2588539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f30869c05ffd42e29340b3a93d6f37bb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f30869c05ffd42e29340b3a93d6f37bb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 18, Iss 2 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2588539","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2588539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5538172737","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024YFB2606100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7678793713","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42401101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972358174","https://openalex.org/W1992098736","https://openalex.org/W2013211795","https://openalex.org/W2019186962","https://openalex.org/W2020920420","https://openalex.org/W2022106079","https://openalex.org/W2035739819","https://openalex.org/W2038851050","https://openalex.org/W2053148365","https://openalex.org/W2060285670","https://openalex.org/W2071475837","https://openalex.org/W2074651849","https://openalex.org/W2089774387","https://openalex.org/W2117067575","https://openalex.org/W2120843339","https://openalex.org/W2136921862","https://openalex.org/W2138373856","https://openalex.org/W2141169867","https://openalex.org/W2150337006","https://openalex.org/W2152082654","https://openalex.org/W2154769822","https://openalex.org/W2170505850","https://openalex.org/W2322545094","https://openalex.org/W2471188938","https://openalex.org/W2497126132","https://openalex.org/W2592559468","https://openalex.org/W2894048098","https://openalex.org/W2917148693","https://openalex.org/W2963800186","https://openalex.org/W3019913914","https://openalex.org/W4224322430","https://openalex.org/W4242911998","https://openalex.org/W4254670666","https://openalex.org/W4283590339","https://openalex.org/W4321376363","https://openalex.org/W4385423414","https://openalex.org/W4394683644","https://openalex.org/W4399432702","https://openalex.org/W4399849602","https://openalex.org/W4400648534","https://openalex.org/W4401897881","https://openalex.org/W4407583279"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"delineation":[1],"of":[2,17,57,122],"glacier":[3,9,49,61,80,106,142,165],"boundaries":[4],"is":[5],"essential":[6],"for":[7,59,163],"monitoring":[8],"changes.":[10,41],"Debris-covered":[11],"glaciers":[12,37,116],"often":[13],"resemble":[14],"the":[15,54,69,118,123],"textures":[16],"their":[18],"surrounding":[19],"terrain,":[20],"making":[21],"boundary":[22,62,148],"extraction":[23],"especially":[24],"challenging.":[25],"Interferometric":[26],"coherence":[27,58],"from":[28,108],"Synthetic":[29],"Aperture":[30],"Radar":[31],"(SAR)":[32],"can":[33],"help":[34],"highlight":[35],"these":[36],"by":[38,82],"reflecting":[39],"surface":[40,143],"However,":[42],"because":[43],"optimal":[44],"temporal":[45,84],"baselines":[46],"vary":[47],"with":[48],"activity,":[50],"this":[51,113],"significantly":[52],"limits":[53],"broader":[55],"effectiveness":[56],"regional":[60,164],"extraction.":[63],"To":[64],"address":[65],"this,":[66],"we":[67],"introduce":[68],"Feature-based":[70],"Amplitude":[71],"Coherence":[72],"Ratio":[73],"(FACR),":[74],"a":[75,160],"new":[76],"index":[77],"that":[78,103,135],"advances":[79],"mapping":[81],"framing":[83],"baseline":[85],"selection":[86],"as":[87],"an":[88,96],"optimizable":[89],"feature.":[90],"Unlike":[91],"traditional":[92],"approaches,":[93],"FACR":[94,136,157],"uses":[95],"F-test":[97],"to":[98],"automatically":[99],"identify":[100],"interferometric":[101],"pairs":[102],"best":[104],"separate":[105],"ice":[107],"stable":[109],"terrain.":[110],"We":[111],"tested":[112],"method":[114],"on":[115],"in":[117,140],"Gyala":[119],"Peri":[120],"area":[121],"southeastern":[124],"Tibetan":[125],"Plateau,":[126],"using":[127],"14":[128],"ALOS\u22122":[129],"PALSAR":[130],"images.":[131],"The":[132],"results":[133],"show":[134],"offers":[137],"stronger":[138],"robustness":[139],"capturing":[141],"information":[144],"and":[145,167],"achieves":[146],"higher":[147],"accuracy":[149],"(IoU:":[150],"0.68,":[151],"Dice:":[152],"0.81)":[153],"than":[154],"other":[155],"indices.":[156],"therefore":[158],"provides":[159],"practical":[161],"approach":[162],"inventories":[166],"change":[168],"detection.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-12-02T00:00:00"}
