{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414175640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2553799","title":"Exploring city hierarchy with graph convolutional network: a case study of 296 Chinese cities","display_name":"Exploring city hierarchy with graph convolutional network: a case study of 296 Chinese cities","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414175640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2553799"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2553799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2553799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2553799","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036217903","display_name":"Zhiwei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8645-756X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Jiaotong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068084464","display_name":"Guangjun Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2011-7697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangjun Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","Southwest Jiaotong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427168","display_name":"Haoyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6259-843X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Jiaotong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021545074","display_name":"Tian Lan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8907-2603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tian Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Jiaotong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100783299","display_name":"Zhang Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9369-7481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074601006","display_name":"Peichao Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1714-779X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peichao Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Normal University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102366657","display_name":"Qian Peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75900474","display_name":"Hubei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a60m280","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75900474"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75900474"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021545074"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":2.0691,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88719651,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12483","display_name":"Global Urban Networks and Dynamics","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.796500027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-hierarchy","display_name":"Urban hierarchy","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-agglomeration","display_name":"Urban agglomeration","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5224000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-city","display_name":"Capital city","score":0.32359999418258667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.796500027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780207250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7900124","display_name":"Urban hierarchy","level":3,"score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154611951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393233","display_name":"Urban agglomeration","level":2,"score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5224000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5044999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4652000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3885999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994052530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5119","display_name":"Capital city","level":2,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778625738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358078","display_name":"Street network","level":2,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018003528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5413","display_name":"Yangtze river","level":3,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.25679999589920044}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2553799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2553799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f64dbeb7d3f245e9b1c80ffa890bf029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f64dbeb7d3f245e9b1c80ffa890bf029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 18, Iss 2 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/316565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/316565","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Taylor & Francis","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2553799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2553799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4422766831","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42394063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5631066991","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42101442","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68028625","https://openalex.org/W1588420354","https://openalex.org/W1604827929","https://openalex.org/W1732813117","https://openalex.org/W1973749534","https://openalex.org/W1992903575","https://openalex.org/W1994214574","https://openalex.org/W2000691273","https://openalex.org/W2013221585","https://openalex.org/W2018755855","https://openalex.org/W2045336403","https://openalex.org/W2049773740","https://openalex.org/W2075518993","https://openalex.org/W2075657180","https://openalex.org/W2075779529","https://openalex.org/W2078044155","https://openalex.org/W2078088368","https://openalex.org/W2079017246","https://openalex.org/W2084809978","https://openalex.org/W2087692199","https://openalex.org/W2087967401","https://openalex.org/W2088996468","https://openalex.org/W2090576238","https://openalex.org/W2092735663","https://openalex.org/W2101840761","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2139389701","https://openalex.org/W2146756596","https://openalex.org/W2159007400","https://openalex.org/W2232610700","https://openalex.org/W2316888499","https://openalex.org/W2325056376","https://openalex.org/W2373130237","https://openalex.org/W2415925208","https://openalex.org/W2610613469","https://openalex.org/W2641154681","https://openalex.org/W2760942449","https://openalex.org/W2802854960","https://openalex.org/W2810260025","https://openalex.org/W2886556056","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2920964209","https://openalex.org/W2993438196","https://openalex.org/W3034407514","https://openalex.org/W3121519629","https://openalex.org/W3152838014","https://openalex.org/W3152893301","https://openalex.org/W3158957660","https://openalex.org/W4254273012","https://openalex.org/W4327656931","https://openalex.org/W4385486090","https://openalex.org/W4390300227","https://openalex.org/W4399792062","https://openalex.org/W4407172586","https://openalex.org/W4407457875"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"10.1080/17538947.2025.2553799":[0]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}