{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413484819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2547287","title":"Optimizing KNN and multi-features extracted from GF-1 and GF-3 for forest above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation","display_name":"Optimizing KNN and multi-features extracted from GF-1 and GF-3 for forest above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413484819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2547287"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2547287","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2547287","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2547287?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2547287?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044450794","display_name":"Wangfei Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399270","display_name":"Southwest Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dfa9f06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399270"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wangfei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399270"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012237260","display_name":"Mengjin Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399270","display_name":"Southwest Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dfa9f06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399270"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengjin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399270"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020453263","display_name":"Jianmin Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399270","display_name":"Southwest Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dfa9f06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399270"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianmin Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399270"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048558564","display_name":"Feifei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4075-6641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399270","display_name":"Southwest Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dfa9f06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399270"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feifei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399270"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100682082","display_name":"Wei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2017-5564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399270","display_name":"Southwest Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dfa9f06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399270"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399270"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012507723","display_name":"Armando Marino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4531-3102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armando Marino","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Stirling"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Stirling","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102792378","display_name":"Yuxin Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2066-9599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134523","display_name":"State Forestry and Grassland Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03f2n3n81","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134523"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yueqiu Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aohan Banner Forestry and Grassland Bureau"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aohan Banner Forestry and Grassland Bureau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134523"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102795529","display_name":"Yongjie Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8012-4115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399270","display_name":"Southwest Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dfa9f06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399270"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongjie Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Forestry University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Forestry University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399270"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014591998","display_name":"Han Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8150-6836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399270","display_name":"Southwest Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dfa9f06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399270"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399270"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102795529"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399270"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":1.1437,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77949583,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11753","display_name":"Forest Management and Policy","score":0.9783999919891357,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","score":0.6639081239700317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.531825840473175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.43879905343055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4379110634326935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.41754838824272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3790441155433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3566648066043854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3474346399307251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3292655646800995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.284015417098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15980452299118042}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.6639081239700317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.531825840473175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.43879905343055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4379110634326935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.41754838824272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3790441155433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3566648066043854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3474346399307251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3292655646800995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.284015417098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15980452299118042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2547287","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2547287","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2547287?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ea858b69b63c40c9bd3007555c418850","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ea858b69b63c40c9bd3007555c418850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth, Vol 18, Iss 1 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17538947.2025.2547287","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2025.2547287","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538947.2025.2547287?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199162493","display_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","issn_l":"1753-8947","issn":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Digital Earth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W174954323","https://openalex.org/W1930021590","https://openalex.org/W1969245801","https://openalex.org/W1978608405","https://openalex.org/W1981855554","https://openalex.org/W1999659160","https://openalex.org/W2002291348","https://openalex.org/W2012519352","https://openalex.org/W2048346860","https://openalex.org/W2056852789","https://openalex.org/W2063923547","https://openalex.org/W2075505566","https://openalex.org/W2089101419","https://openalex.org/W2093540905","https://openalex.org/W2101748122","https://openalex.org/W2104258174","https://openalex.org/W2105770001","https://openalex.org/W2113249705","https://openalex.org/W2127544153","https://openalex.org/W2130762895","https://openalex.org/W2133613984","https://openalex.org/W2143010534","https://openalex.org/W2155863249","https://openalex.org/W2388351247","https://openalex.org/W2508131240","https://openalex.org/W2726797527","https://openalex.org/W2800994294","https://openalex.org/W2801958376","https://openalex.org/W2922152173","https://openalex.org/W2951503817","https://openalex.org/W3014736367","https://openalex.org/W3035803741","https://openalex.org/W3131202068","https://openalex.org/W3170472306","https://openalex.org/W4206313496","https://openalex.org/W4206972928","https://openalex.org/W4210798517","https://openalex.org/W4220824816","https://openalex.org/W4220981441","https://openalex.org/W4223653531","https://openalex.org/W4240253323","https://openalex.org/W4320726935","https://openalex.org/W4365517154","https://openalex.org/W4366990237","https://openalex.org/W4384829502","https://openalex.org/W4400520092","https://openalex.org/W4405898713"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W2576994247","https://openalex.org/W2608353378","https://openalex.org/W4249206767","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W1987967678","https://openalex.org/W2563559453","https://openalex.org/W2382330008","https://openalex.org/W613780472","https://openalex.org/W4313466491"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"China":[0],"is":[1,17],"advancing":[2],"toward":[3],"its":[4],"carbon":[5],"peak":[6],"and":[7,24,30,36,41,58,80,110,129,138,142],"neutrality":[8],"goals,":[9],"in":[10,78],"which":[11],"accurate":[12,159],"above-ground":[13],"biomass":[14,160],"(AGB)":[15],"estimation":[16,141,153],"crucial.":[18],"In":[19,95],"this":[20],"study,":[21],"GF-1,":[22],"GF-3,":[23],"their":[25,145],"combined":[26],"data":[27],"from":[28],"Yiliang":[29],"Puer":[31],"were":[32],"used,":[33],"testing":[34],"KNN":[35,118],"two":[37],"enhanced":[38],"algorithms":[39],"(KNN-FIFS":[40],"GA-KNN)":[42],"for":[43,112,135,158],"AGB":[44,82,86,103,140],"estimation.":[45,83,94],"We":[46],"found":[47],"that":[48],"(i)":[49],"KNN-FIFS":[50,75,128],"selected":[51],"more":[52],"significant":[53],"features,":[54],"primarily":[55],"GF-1":[56],"textures":[57],"GF-3":[59],"polarimetric":[60],"decompositions.":[61],"(ii)":[62],"GF-1/GF-3":[63,133],"combination":[64],"features":[65],"achieved":[66],"the":[67,99,105,117,125],"highest":[68],"accuracy":[69,89],"across":[70],"four":[71],"forest":[72,102],"types.":[73],"(iii)":[74],"outperformed":[76],"others":[77],"total":[79,137],"component":[81,139],"(iv)":[84],"Component-based":[85],"summation":[87],"improved":[88],"by":[90],"3%":[91,149],"over":[92],"direct":[93],"summary,":[96],"to":[97,132],"improve":[98],"efficiency":[100],"of":[101,107,127],"estimation,":[104],"optimizations":[106],"introducing":[108],"GA":[109],"FIFS":[111],"optimal":[113],"feature":[114],"selection":[115],"into":[116],"algorithm":[119],"are":[120],"effective.":[121],"Our":[122],"results":[123],"confirmed":[124],"effectiveness":[126],"GA-KNN":[130],"applied":[131],"fusion":[134],"both":[136],"also":[143],"compared":[144],"performance.":[146],"Meanwhile,":[147],"a":[148,155],"improvement":[150],"using":[151],"component-based":[152],"suggests":[154],"viable":[156],"strategy":[157],"monitoring.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-14T06:11:07.267592","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}